Merge pull request #111 from raphaelthegreat/main

core: Rewrite videoout library and bringup new vulkan backend

.gitmodules

@@ -46,3 +46,18 @@
 [submodule "externals/fmt"]
 	path = externals/fmt
 	url = https://github.com/shadps4-emu/ext-fmt.git
+[submodule "externals/vulkan-headers"]
+	path = externals/vulkan-headers
+	url = https://github.com/KhronosGroup/Vulkan-Headers
+[submodule "externals/vma"]
+	path = externals/vma
+	url = https://github.com/GPUOpen-LibrariesAndSDKs/VulkanMemoryAllocator
+[submodule "externals/glslang"]
+	path = externals/glslang
+	url = https://github.com/KhronosGroup/glslang
+[submodule "externals/robin-map"]
+	path = externals/robin-map
+	url = https://github.com/Tessil/robin-map
+[submodule "externals/boost"]
+	path = externals/boost
+	url = https://github.com/raphaelthegreat/ext-boost

CMakeLists.txt

@@ -65,15 +65,9 @@ if (CLANG_FORMAT)
     set(SRCS ${PROJECT_SOURCE_DIR}/src)
     set(CCOMMENT "Running clang format against all the .h and .cpp files in src/")
     if (WIN32)
-        if(MINGW)
-            add_custom_target(clang-format
-                COMMAND find `cygpath -u ${SRCS}` -iname *.h -o -iname *.cpp -o -iname *.mm | xargs `cygpath -u ${CLANG_FORMAT}` -i
-                COMMENT ${CCOMMENT})
-        else()
         add_custom_target(clang-format
             COMMAND powershell.exe -Command "Get-ChildItem '${SRCS}/*' -Include *.cpp,*.h,*.mm -Recurse | Foreach {&'${CLANG_FORMAT}' -i $_.fullname}"
             COMMENT ${CCOMMENT})
-        endif()
     else()
         add_custom_target(clang-format
             COMMAND find ${SRCS} -iname *.h -o -iname *.cpp -o -iname *.mm | xargs ${CLANG_FORMAT} -i
@@ -155,6 +149,13 @@ set(SYSTEM_LIBS src/core/libraries/system/commondialog.cpp
                 src/core/libraries/system/userservice.h
 )
 
+set(VIDEOOUT_LIB src/core/libraries/videoout/buffer.h
+                 src/core/libraries/videoout/driver.cpp
+                 src/core/libraries/videoout/driver.h
+                 src/core/libraries/videoout/video_out.cpp
+                 src/core/libraries/videoout/video_out.h
+)
+
 set(LIBC_SOURCES src/core/libraries/libc/libc.cpp
                  src/core/libraries/libc/libc.h
                  src/core/libraries/libc/printf.h
@@ -185,6 +186,7 @@ set(COMMON src/common/logging/backend.cpp
            src/common/logging/text_formatter.cpp
            src/common/logging/text_formatter.h
            src/common/logging/types.h
+           src/common/alignment.h
            src/common/assert.cpp
            src/common/assert.h
            src/common/bounded_threadsafe_queue.h
@@ -197,6 +199,7 @@ set(COMMON src/common/logging/backend.cpp
            src/common/discord.cpp
            src/common/discord.h
            src/common/endian.h
+           src/common/enum.h
            src/common/io_file.cpp
            src/common/io_file.h
            src/common/error.cpp
@@ -205,6 +208,7 @@ set(COMMON src/common/logging/backend.cpp
            src/common/native_clock.h
            src/common/path_util.cpp
            src/common/path_util.h
+           src/common/polyfill_thread.h
            src/common/rdtsc.cpp
            src/common/rdtsc.h
            src/common/singleton.h
@@ -249,6 +253,7 @@ set(CORE src/core/aerolib/stubs.cpp
          ${SYSTEM_LIBS}
          ${LIBC_SOURCES}
          ${PAD_LIB}
+         ${VIDEOOUT_LIB}
          src/core/linker.cpp
          src/core/linker.h
          src/core/tls.cpp
@@ -257,21 +262,39 @@ set(CORE src/core/aerolib/stubs.cpp
          src/core/virtual_memory.h
 )
 
-set(VIDEO_CORE src/core/PS4/HLE/Graphics/video_out.cpp
+set(VIDEO_CORE src/video_core/pixel_format.h
-               src/core/PS4/HLE/Graphics/video_out.h
+               src/video_core/renderer_vulkan/renderer_vulkan.cpp
-               src/core/PS4/HLE/Graphics/Objects/video_out_ctx.cpp
+               src/video_core/renderer_vulkan/renderer_vulkan.h
-               src/core/PS4/HLE/Graphics/Objects/video_out_ctx.h
+               src/video_core/renderer_vulkan/vk_common.cpp
-               src/core/PS4/HLE/Graphics/graphics_ctx.h
+               src/video_core/renderer_vulkan/vk_common.h
-               src/core/PS4/GPU/gpu_memory.cpp
+               src/video_core/renderer_vulkan/vk_descriptor_update_queue.cpp
-               src/core/PS4/GPU/gpu_memory.h
+               src/video_core/renderer_vulkan/vk_descriptor_update_queue.h
-               src/core/PS4/GPU/video_out_buffer.cpp
+               src/video_core/renderer_vulkan/vk_instance.cpp
-               src/core/PS4/GPU/video_out_buffer.h
+               src/video_core/renderer_vulkan/vk_instance.h
-               src/core/PS4/HLE/Graphics/graphics_render.cpp
+               src/video_core/renderer_vulkan/vk_master_semaphore.cpp
-               src/core/PS4/HLE/Graphics/graphics_render.h
+               src/video_core/renderer_vulkan/vk_master_semaphore.h
-               src/core/PS4/GPU/tile_manager.cpp
+               src/video_core/renderer_vulkan/vk_platform.cpp
-               src/core/PS4/GPU/tile_manager.h
+               src/video_core/renderer_vulkan/vk_platform.h
-               src/vulkan_util.cpp
+               src/video_core/renderer_vulkan/vk_resource_pool.cpp
-               src/vulkan_util.h
+               src/video_core/renderer_vulkan/vk_resource_pool.h
+               src/video_core/renderer_vulkan/vk_scheduler.cpp
+               src/video_core/renderer_vulkan/vk_scheduler.h
+               src/video_core/renderer_vulkan/vk_shader_util.cpp
+               src/video_core/renderer_vulkan/vk_shader_util.h
+               src/video_core/renderer_vulkan/vk_stream_buffer.cpp
+               src/video_core/renderer_vulkan/vk_stream_buffer.h
+               src/video_core/renderer_vulkan/vk_swapchain.cpp
+               src/video_core/renderer_vulkan/vk_swapchain.h
+               src/video_core/texture_cache/image.cpp
+               src/video_core/texture_cache/image.h
+               src/video_core/texture_cache/image_view.cpp
+               src/video_core/texture_cache/image_view.h
+               src/video_core/texture_cache/slot_vector.h
+               src/video_core/texture_cache/texture_cache.cpp
+               src/video_core/texture_cache/texture_cache.h
+               src/video_core/texture_cache/tile_manager.cpp
+               src/video_core/texture_cache/tile_manager.h
+               src/video_core/texture_cache/types.h
 )
 
 set(INPUT src/input/controller.cpp
@@ -282,6 +305,7 @@ set(INPUT src/input/controller.cpp
 
 if(ENABLE_QT_GUI)
 qt_add_resources(RESOURCE_FILES src/shadps4.qrc)
+
 set(QT_GUI 
     src/qt_gui/main_window_ui.h
     src/qt_gui/main_window.cpp
@@ -318,8 +342,8 @@ qt_add_executable(shadps4
     ${COMMON}
     ${CORE}
     ${VIDEO_CORE}
-    src/emulator.cpp
+    src/sdl_window.h
-    src/emulator.h
+    src/sdl_window.cpp
 )
 else()
 add_executable(shadps4
@@ -329,15 +353,15 @@ add_executable(shadps4
     ${CORE}
     ${VIDEO_CORE}
     src/main.cpp
-    src/emulator.cpp
+    src/sdl_window.h
-    src/emulator.h
+    src/sdl_window.cpp
 )
 endif()
 
 create_target_directory_groups(shadps4)
 
-target_link_libraries(shadps4 PRIVATE magic_enum::magic_enum fmt::fmt toml11::toml11 SDL3-shared)
+target_link_libraries(shadps4 PRIVATE magic_enum::magic_enum fmt::fmt toml11::toml11 tsl::robin_map)
-target_link_libraries(shadps4 PRIVATE discord-rpc vulkan-1 xxhash Zydis)
+target_link_libraries(shadps4 PRIVATE discord-rpc boost vma vulkan-headers xxhash Zydis SPIRV glslang SDL3-shared)
 
 if(NOT ENABLE_QT_GUI)
   target_link_libraries(shadps4 PRIVATE SDL3-shared)
@@ -358,6 +382,8 @@ if (WIN32)
     add_definitions(-D_CRT_SECURE_NO_WARNINGS -D_CRT_NONSTDC_NO_DEPRECATE -D_SCL_SECURE_NO_WARNINGS)
     add_definitions(-DNOMINMAX -DWIN32_LEAN_AND_MEAN)
     add_definitions(-D_TIMESPEC_DEFINED) #needed for conflicts with time.h of windows.h
+    # Target Windows 10 RS5
+    add_definitions(-DNTDDI_VERSION=0x0A000006 -D_WIN32_WINNT=0x0A00 -DWINVER=0x0A00)
 endif()
 
 if(WIN32)

LICENSES/CC0-1.0.txt

@@ -0,0 +1,121 @@
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+    INFORMATION ON AN "AS-IS" BASIS. CREATIVE COMMONS MAKES NO WARRANTIES
+    REGARDING THE USE OF THIS DOCUMENT OR THE INFORMATION OR WORKS
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+Waiver shall be preserved to the maximum extent permitted taking into
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+extent the Waiver is so judged Affirmer hereby grants to each affected
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+Related Rights in the Work (i) in all territories worldwide, (ii) for the
+maximum duration provided by applicable law or treaty (including future
+time extensions), (iii) in any current or future medium and for any number
+of copies, and (iv) for any purpose whatsoever, including without
+limitation commercial, advertising or promotional purposes (the
+"License"). The License shall be deemed effective as of the date CC0 was
+applied by Affirmer to the Work. Should any part of the License for any
+reason be judged legally invalid or ineffective under applicable law, such
+partial invalidity or ineffectiveness shall not invalidate the remainder
+of the License, and in such case Affirmer hereby affirms that he or she
+will not (i) exercise any of his or her remaining Copyright and Related
+Rights in the Work or (ii) assert any associated claims and causes of
+action with respect to the Work, in either case contrary to Affirmer's
+express Statement of Purpose.
+
+4. Limitations and Disclaimers.
+
+ a. No trademark or patent rights held by Affirmer are waived, abandoned,
+    surrendered, licensed or otherwise affected by this document.
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+ c. Affirmer disclaims responsibility for clearing rights of other persons
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+    limitation any person's Copyright and Related Rights in the Work.
+    Further, Affirmer disclaims responsibility for obtaining any necessary
+    consents, permissions or other rights required for any use of the
+    Work.
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+    party to this document and has no duty or obligation with respect to
+    this CC0 or use of the Work.

externals/CMakeLists.txt

@@ -6,6 +6,13 @@ if (MSVC)
     add_definitions(-D_CRT_SECURE_NO_WARNINGS -D_CRT_NONSTDC_NO_DEPRECATE -D_SCL_SECURE_NO_WARNINGS)
 endif()
 
+# Boost
+set(BOOST_ROOT "${CMAKE_SOURCE_DIR}/externals/boost" CACHE STRING "")
+set(Boost_INCLUDE_DIR "${CMAKE_SOURCE_DIR}/externals/boost" CACHE STRING "")
+set(Boost_NO_SYSTEM_PATHS ON CACHE BOOL "")
+add_library(boost INTERFACE)
+target_include_directories(boost SYSTEM INTERFACE ${Boost_INCLUDE_DIR})
+
 # fmtlib
 add_subdirectory(fmt EXCLUDE_FROM_ALL)
 
@@ -35,3 +42,24 @@ add_subdirectory(zlib-ng)
 
 # SDL3
 add_subdirectory(sdl3 EXCLUDE_FROM_ALL)
+
+# vulkan-headers
+add_library(vulkan-headers INTERFACE)
+target_include_directories(vulkan-headers SYSTEM INTERFACE ./vulkan-headers/include)
+
+# VMA
+add_library(vma INTERFACE)
+target_include_directories(vma SYSTEM INTERFACE ./vma/include)
+
+# glslang
+set(SKIP_GLSLANG_INSTALL ON CACHE BOOL "")
+set(ENABLE_GLSLANG_BINARIES OFF CACHE BOOL "")
+set(ENABLE_SPVREMAPPER OFF CACHE BOOL "")
+set(ENABLE_CTEST OFF CACHE BOOL "")
+set(ENABLE_HLSL OFF CACHE BOOL "")
+set(BUILD_EXTERNAL OFF CACHE BOOL "")
+set(ENABLE_OPT OFF CACHE BOOL "")
+add_subdirectory(glslang)
+
+# Robin-map
+add_subdirectory(robin-map)

externals/boost

@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+Subproject commit dfb313f8357b8f6601fa7420be1a39a51ba86f77

externals/glslang

@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+Subproject commit 2db79056b418587e61122a8a820cd832b2abdf83

externals/robin-map

@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+Subproject commit 048eb1442a76ab81ecb3c4ab0495f15a68e54a6d

externals/vma

@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+Subproject commit 5677097bafb8477097c6e3354ce68b7a44fd01a4

externals/vulkan-headers

@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+Subproject commit cfebfc96b2b0bce93da7d12f2c14cc01793ae25c

src/common/alignment.h

@@ -0,0 +1,31 @@
+// SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 2014 Jannik Vogel <email@jannikvogel.de>
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: CC0-1.0
+
+#pragma once
+
+#include <cstddef>
+#include <type_traits>
+
+namespace Common {
+
+template <typename T>
+[[nodiscard]] constexpr T alignUp(T value, std::size_t size) {
+    static_assert(std::is_unsigned_v<T>, "T must be an unsigned value.");
+    auto mod{static_cast<T>(value % size)};
+    value -= mod;
+    return static_cast<T>(mod == T{0} ? value : value + size);
+}
+
+template <typename T>
+[[nodiscard]] constexpr T alignDown(T value, std::size_t size) {
+    static_assert(std::is_unsigned_v<T>, "T must be an unsigned value.");
+    return static_cast<T>(value - value % size);
+}
+
+template <typename T>
+    requires std::is_integral_v<T>
+[[nodiscard]] constexpr bool is16KBAligned(T value) {
+    return (value & 0x3FFF) == 0;
+}
+
+} // namespace Common

src/common/bounded_threadsafe_queue.h

@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@
 #include <cstddef>
 #include <memory>
 #include <mutex>
-#include <new>
+#include "common/polyfill_thread.h"
 
 namespace Common {
 
@@ -122,7 +122,7 @@ private:
         } else if constexpr (Mode == PopMode::WaitWithStopToken) {
             // Wait until the queue is not empty.
             std::unique_lock lock{consumer_cv_mutex};
-            consumer_cv.wait(lock, stop_token, [this, read_index] {
+            Common::CondvarWait(consumer_cv, lock, stop_token, [this, read_index] {
                 return read_index != m_write_index.load(std::memory_order::acquire);
             });
             if (stop_token.stop_requested()) {

src/common/config.cpp

@@ -12,6 +12,7 @@ namespace Config {
 bool isNeo = false;
 u32 screenWidth = 1280;
 u32 screenHeight = 720;
+u32 gpuId = 0; // Vulkan physical device no
 std::string logFilter;
 std::string logType = "sync";
 bool isDebugDump = false;
@@ -32,6 +33,10 @@ u32 getScreenHeight() {
     return screenHeight;
 }
 
+u32 getGpuId() {
+    return gpuId;
+}
+
 std::string getLogFilter() {
     return logFilter;
 }
@@ -72,12 +77,13 @@ void load(const std::filesystem::path& path) {
         }
     }
     if (data.contains("GPU")) {
-        auto generalResult = toml::expect<toml::value>(data.at("GPU"));
+        auto gpuResult = toml::expect<toml::value>(data.at("GPU"));
-        if (generalResult.is_ok()) {
+        if (gpuResult.is_ok()) {
-            auto general = generalResult.unwrap();
+            auto gpu = gpuResult.unwrap();
 
-            screenWidth = toml::find_or<toml::integer>(general, "screenWidth", false);
+            screenWidth = toml::find_or<toml::integer>(gpu, "screenWidth", screenWidth);
-            screenHeight = toml::find_or<toml::integer>(general, "screenHeight", false);
+            screenHeight = toml::find_or<toml::integer>(gpu, "screenHeight", screenHeight);
+            gpuId = toml::find_or<toml::integer>(gpu, "gpuId", 0);
         }
     }
     if (data.contains("Debug")) {
@@ -119,6 +125,7 @@ void save(const std::filesystem::path& path) {
     data["General"]["isPS4Pro"] = isNeo;
     data["General"]["logFilter"] = logFilter;
     data["General"]["logType"] = logType;
+    data["GPU"]["gpuId"] = gpuId;
     data["GPU"]["screenWidth"] = screenWidth;
     data["GPU"]["screenHeight"] = screenHeight;
     data["Debug"]["DebugDump"] = isDebugDump;

src/common/config.h

@@ -16,6 +16,7 @@ std::string getLogType();
 
 u32 getScreenWidth();
 u32 getScreenHeight();
+u32 getGpuId();
 
 bool debugDump();
 bool isLleLibc();

src/common/enum.h

@@ -0,0 +1,60 @@
+// SPDX-FileCopyrightText: Copyright 2024 shadPS4 Emulator Project
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
+
+#pragma once
+
+#include <type_traits>
+
+#define DECLARE_ENUM_FLAG_OPERATORS(type)                                                          \
+    [[nodiscard]] constexpr type operator|(type a, type b) noexcept {                              \
+        using T = std::underlying_type_t<type>;                                                    \
+        return static_cast<type>(static_cast<T>(a) | static_cast<T>(b));                           \
+    }                                                                                              \
+    [[nodiscard]] constexpr type operator&(type a, type b) noexcept {                              \
+        using T = std::underlying_type_t<type>;                                                    \
+        return static_cast<type>(static_cast<T>(a) & static_cast<T>(b));                           \
+    }                                                                                              \
+    [[nodiscard]] constexpr type operator^(type a, type b) noexcept {                              \
+        using T = std::underlying_type_t<type>;                                                    \
+        return static_cast<type>(static_cast<T>(a) ^ static_cast<T>(b));                           \
+    }                                                                                              \
+    [[nodiscard]] constexpr type operator<<(type a, type b) noexcept {                             \
+        using T = std::underlying_type_t<type>;                                                    \
+        return static_cast<type>(static_cast<T>(a) << static_cast<T>(b));                          \
+    }                                                                                              \
+    [[nodiscard]] constexpr type operator>>(type a, type b) noexcept {                             \
+        using T = std::underlying_type_t<type>;                                                    \
+        return static_cast<type>(static_cast<T>(a) >> static_cast<T>(b));                          \
+    }                                                                                              \
+    constexpr type& operator|=(type& a, type b) noexcept {                                         \
+        a = a | b;                                                                                 \
+        return a;                                                                                  \
+    }                                                                                              \
+    constexpr type& operator&=(type& a, type b) noexcept {                                         \
+        a = a & b;                                                                                 \
+        return a;                                                                                  \
+    }                                                                                              \
+    constexpr type& operator^=(type& a, type b) noexcept {                                         \
+        a = a ^ b;                                                                                 \
+        return a;                                                                                  \
+    }                                                                                              \
+    constexpr type& operator<<=(type& a, type b) noexcept {                                        \
+        a = a << b;                                                                                \
+        return a;                                                                                  \
+    }                                                                                              \
+    constexpr type& operator>>=(type& a, type b) noexcept {                                        \
+        a = a >> b;                                                                                \
+        return a;                                                                                  \
+    }                                                                                              \
+    [[nodiscard]] constexpr type operator~(type key) noexcept {                                    \
+        using T = std::underlying_type_t<type>;                                                    \
+        return static_cast<type>(~static_cast<T>(key));                                            \
+    }                                                                                              \
+    [[nodiscard]] constexpr bool True(type key) noexcept {                                         \
+        using T = std::underlying_type_t<type>;                                                    \
+        return static_cast<T>(key) != 0;                                                           \
+    }                                                                                              \
+    [[nodiscard]] constexpr bool False(type key) noexcept {                                        \
+        using T = std::underlying_type_t<type>;                                                    \
+        return static_cast<T>(key) == 0;                                                           \
+    }

src/common/polyfill_thread.h

@@ -0,0 +1,375 @@
+// SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 2022 yuzu Emulator Project
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
+
+//
+// TODO: remove this file when jthread is supported by all compilation targets
+//
+
+#pragma once
+
+#include <version>
+
+#ifdef __cpp_lib_jthread
+
+#include <chrono>
+#include <condition_variable>
+#include <stop_token>
+#include <thread>
+#include <utility>
+
+namespace Common {
+
+template <typename Condvar, typename Lock, typename Pred>
+void CondvarWait(Condvar& cv, std::unique_lock<Lock>& lk, std::stop_token token, Pred&& pred) {
+    cv.wait(lk, token, std::forward<Pred>(pred));
+}
+
+template <typename Rep, typename Period>
+bool StoppableTimedWait(std::stop_token token, const std::chrono::duration<Rep, Period>& rel_time) {
+    std::condition_variable_any cv;
+    std::mutex m;
+
+    // Perform the timed wait.
+    std::unique_lock lk{m};
+    return !cv.wait_for(lk, token, rel_time, [&] { return token.stop_requested(); });
+}
+
+} // namespace Common
+
+#else
+
+#include <atomic>
+#include <chrono>
+#include <condition_variable>
+#include <functional>
+#include <map>
+#include <memory>
+#include <mutex>
+#include <optional>
+#include <thread>
+#include <type_traits>
+#include <utility>
+
+namespace std {
+namespace polyfill {
+
+using stop_state_callback = size_t;
+
+class stop_state {
+public:
+    stop_state() = default;
+    ~stop_state() = default;
+
+    bool request_stop() {
+        unique_lock lk{m_lock};
+
+        if (m_stop_requested) {
+            // Already set, nothing to do.
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        // Mark stop requested.
+        m_stop_requested = true;
+
+        while (!m_callbacks.empty()) {
+            // Get an iterator to the first element.
+            const auto it = m_callbacks.begin();
+
+            // Move the callback function out of the map.
+            function<void()> f;
+            swap(it->second, f);
+
+            // Erase the now-empty map element.
+            m_callbacks.erase(it);
+
+            // Run the callback.
+            if (f) {
+                f();
+            }
+        }
+
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    bool stop_requested() const {
+        unique_lock lk{m_lock};
+        return m_stop_requested;
+    }
+
+    stop_state_callback insert_callback(function<void()> f) {
+        unique_lock lk{m_lock};
+
+        if (m_stop_requested) {
+            // Stop already requested. Don't insert anything,
+            // just run the callback synchronously.
+            if (f) {
+                f();
+            }
+            return 0;
+        }
+
+        // Insert the callback.
+        stop_state_callback ret = ++m_next_callback;
+        m_callbacks.emplace(ret, std::move(f));
+        return ret;
+    }
+
+    void remove_callback(stop_state_callback cb) {
+        unique_lock lk{m_lock};
+        m_callbacks.erase(cb);
+    }
+
+private:
+    mutable recursive_mutex m_lock;
+    map<stop_state_callback, function<void()>> m_callbacks;
+    stop_state_callback m_next_callback{0};
+    bool m_stop_requested{false};
+};
+
+} // namespace polyfill
+
+class stop_token;
+class stop_source;
+struct nostopstate_t {
+    explicit nostopstate_t() = default;
+};
+inline constexpr nostopstate_t nostopstate{};
+
+template <class Callback>
+class stop_callback;
+
+class stop_token {
+public:
+    stop_token() noexcept = default;
+
+    stop_token(const stop_token&) noexcept = default;
+    stop_token(stop_token&&) noexcept = default;
+    stop_token& operator=(const stop_token&) noexcept = default;
+    stop_token& operator=(stop_token&&) noexcept = default;
+    ~stop_token() = default;
+
+    void swap(stop_token& other) noexcept {
+        m_stop_state.swap(other.m_stop_state);
+    }
+
+    [[nodiscard]] bool stop_requested() const noexcept {
+        return m_stop_state && m_stop_state->stop_requested();
+    }
+    [[nodiscard]] bool stop_possible() const noexcept {
+        return m_stop_state != nullptr;
+    }
+
+private:
+    friend class stop_source;
+    template <typename Callback>
+    friend class stop_callback;
+    stop_token(shared_ptr<polyfill::stop_state> stop_state) : m_stop_state(std::move(stop_state)) {}
+
+private:
+    shared_ptr<polyfill::stop_state> m_stop_state;
+};
+
+class stop_source {
+public:
+    stop_source() : m_stop_state(make_shared<polyfill::stop_state>()) {}
+    explicit stop_source(nostopstate_t) noexcept {}
+
+    stop_source(const stop_source&) noexcept = default;
+    stop_source(stop_source&&) noexcept = default;
+    stop_source& operator=(const stop_source&) noexcept = default;
+    stop_source& operator=(stop_source&&) noexcept = default;
+    ~stop_source() = default;
+    void swap(stop_source& other) noexcept {
+        m_stop_state.swap(other.m_stop_state);
+    }
+
+    [[nodiscard]] stop_token get_token() const noexcept {
+        return stop_token(m_stop_state);
+    }
+    [[nodiscard]] bool stop_possible() const noexcept {
+        return m_stop_state != nullptr;
+    }
+    [[nodiscard]] bool stop_requested() const noexcept {
+        return m_stop_state && m_stop_state->stop_requested();
+    }
+    bool request_stop() noexcept {
+        return m_stop_state && m_stop_state->request_stop();
+    }
+
+private:
+    friend class jthread;
+    explicit stop_source(shared_ptr<polyfill::stop_state> stop_state)
+        : m_stop_state(std::move(stop_state)) {}
+
+private:
+    shared_ptr<polyfill::stop_state> m_stop_state;
+};
+
+template <typename Callback>
+class stop_callback {
+    static_assert(is_nothrow_destructible_v<Callback>);
+    static_assert(is_invocable_v<Callback>);
+
+public:
+    using callback_type = Callback;
+
+    template <typename C>
+        requires constructible_from<Callback, C>
+    explicit stop_callback(const stop_token& st,
+                           C&& cb) noexcept(is_nothrow_constructible_v<Callback, C>)
+        : m_stop_state(st.m_stop_state) {
+        if (m_stop_state) {
+            m_callback = m_stop_state->insert_callback(std::move(cb));
+        }
+    }
+    template <typename C>
+        requires constructible_from<Callback, C>
+    explicit stop_callback(stop_token&& st,
+                           C&& cb) noexcept(is_nothrow_constructible_v<Callback, C>)
+        : m_stop_state(std::move(st.m_stop_state)) {
+        if (m_stop_state) {
+            m_callback = m_stop_state->insert_callback(std::move(cb));
+        }
+    }
+    ~stop_callback() {
+        if (m_stop_state && m_callback) {
+            m_stop_state->remove_callback(m_callback);
+        }
+    }
+
+    stop_callback(const stop_callback&) = delete;
+    stop_callback(stop_callback&&) = delete;
+    stop_callback& operator=(const stop_callback&) = delete;
+    stop_callback& operator=(stop_callback&&) = delete;
+
+private:
+    shared_ptr<polyfill::stop_state> m_stop_state;
+    polyfill::stop_state_callback m_callback;
+};
+
+template <typename Callback>
+stop_callback(stop_token, Callback) -> stop_callback<Callback>;
+
+class jthread {
+public:
+    using id = thread::id;
+    using native_handle_type = thread::native_handle_type;
+
+    jthread() noexcept = default;
+
+    template <typename F, typename... Args,
+              typename = enable_if_t<!is_same_v<remove_cvref_t<F>, jthread>>>
+    explicit jthread(F&& f, Args&&... args)
+        : m_stop_state(make_shared<polyfill::stop_state>()),
+          m_thread(make_thread(std::forward<F>(f), std::forward<Args>(args)...)) {}
+
+    ~jthread() {
+        if (joinable()) {
+            request_stop();
+            join();
+        }
+    }
+
+    jthread(const jthread&) = delete;
+    jthread(jthread&&) noexcept = default;
+    jthread& operator=(const jthread&) = delete;
+
+    jthread& operator=(jthread&& other) noexcept {
+        m_thread.swap(other.m_thread);
+        m_stop_state.swap(other.m_stop_state);
+        return *this;
+    }
+
+    void swap(jthread& other) noexcept {
+        m_thread.swap(other.m_thread);
+        m_stop_state.swap(other.m_stop_state);
+    }
+    [[nodiscard]] bool joinable() const noexcept {
+        return m_thread.joinable();
+    }
+    void join() {
+        m_thread.join();
+    }
+    void detach() {
+        m_thread.detach();
+        m_stop_state.reset();
+    }
+
+    [[nodiscard]] id get_id() const noexcept {
+        return m_thread.get_id();
+    }
+    [[nodiscard]] native_handle_type native_handle() {
+        return m_thread.native_handle();
+    }
+    [[nodiscard]] stop_source get_stop_source() noexcept {
+        return stop_source(m_stop_state);
+    }
+    [[nodiscard]] stop_token get_stop_token() const noexcept {
+        return stop_source(m_stop_state).get_token();
+    }
+    bool request_stop() noexcept {
+        return get_stop_source().request_stop();
+    }
+    [[nodiscard]] static unsigned int hardware_concurrency() noexcept {
+        return thread::hardware_concurrency();
+    }
+
+private:
+    template <typename F, typename... Args>
+    thread make_thread(F&& f, Args&&... args) {
+        if constexpr (is_invocable_v<decay_t<F>, stop_token, decay_t<Args>...>) {
+            return thread(std::forward<F>(f), get_stop_token(), std::forward<Args>(args)...);
+        } else {
+            return thread(std::forward<F>(f), std::forward<Args>(args)...);
+        }
+    }
+
+    shared_ptr<polyfill::stop_state> m_stop_state;
+    thread m_thread;
+};
+
+} // namespace std
+
+namespace Common {
+
+template <typename Condvar, typename Lock, typename Pred>
+void CondvarWait(Condvar& cv, std::unique_lock<Lock>& lk, std::stop_token token, Pred pred) {
+    if (token.stop_requested()) {
+        return;
+    }
+
+    std::stop_callback callback(token, [&] {
+        { std::scoped_lock lk2{*lk.mutex()}; }
+        cv.notify_all();
+    });
+
+    cv.wait(lk, [&] { return pred() || token.stop_requested(); });
+}
+
+template <typename Rep, typename Period>
+bool StoppableTimedWait(std::stop_token token, const std::chrono::duration<Rep, Period>& rel_time) {
+    if (token.stop_requested()) {
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    bool stop_requested = false;
+    std::condition_variable cv;
+    std::mutex m;
+
+    std::stop_callback cb(token, [&] {
+        // Wake up the waiting thread.
+        {
+            std::scoped_lock lk{m};
+            stop_requested = true;
+        }
+        cv.notify_one();
+    });
+
+    // Perform the timed wait.
+    std::unique_lock lk{m};
+    return !cv.wait_for(lk, rel_time, [&] { return stop_requested; });
+}
+
+} // namespace Common
+
+#endif

src/common/types.h

@@ -22,6 +22,9 @@ using f64 = double;
 using u128 = std::array<std::uint64_t, 2>;
 static_assert(sizeof(u128) == 16, "u128 must be 128 bits wide");
 
+using VAddr = uintptr_t;
+using PAddr = uintptr_t;
+
 #define PS4_SYSV_ABI __attribute__((sysv_abi))
 
 // UDLs for memory size values

src/core/PS4/GPU/gpu_memory.cpp

@@ -1,203 +0,0 @@
-// SPDX-FileCopyrightText: Copyright 2024 shadPS4 Emulator Project
-// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
-
-#include <atomic>
-#include <xxh3.h>
-#include "common/singleton.h"
-#include "core/PS4/GPU/gpu_memory.h"
-
-void* GPU::memoryCreateObj(u64 submit_id, HLE::Libs::Graphics::GraphicCtx* ctx,
-                           void* todo /*CommandBuffer?*/, u64 virtual_addr, u64 size,
-                           const GPUObject& info) {
-    auto* gpumemory = Common::Singleton<GPUMemory>::Instance();
-
-    return gpumemory->memoryCreateObj(submit_id, ctx, nullptr, &virtual_addr, &size, 1, info);
-}
-
-void GPU::memorySetAllocArea(u64 virtual_addr, u64 size) {
-    auto* gpumemory = Common::Singleton<GPUMemory>::Instance();
-
-    std::scoped_lock lock{gpumemory->m_mutex};
-
-    MemoryHeap h;
-    h.allocated_virtual_addr = virtual_addr;
-    h.allocated_size = size;
-
-    gpumemory->m_heaps.push_back(h);
-}
-
-u64 GPU::calculate_hash(const u8* buf, u64 size) {
-    return (size > 0 && buf != nullptr ? XXH3_64bits(buf, size) : 0);
-}
-
-bool GPU::vulkanAllocateMemory(HLE::Libs::Graphics::GraphicCtx* ctx,
-                               HLE::Libs::Graphics::VulkanMemory* mem) {
-    static std::atomic_uint64_t unique_id = 0;
-
-    VkPhysicalDeviceMemoryProperties memory_properties{};
-    vkGetPhysicalDeviceMemoryProperties(ctx->m_physical_device, &memory_properties);
-
-    u32 index = 0;
-    for (; index < memory_properties.memoryTypeCount; index++) {
-        if ((mem->requirements.memoryTypeBits & (static_cast<uint32_t>(1) << index)) != 0 &&
-            (memory_properties.memoryTypes[index].propertyFlags & mem->property) == mem->property) {
-            break;
-        }
-    }
-
-    mem->type = index;
-    mem->offset = 0;
-
-    VkMemoryAllocateInfo alloc_info{};
-    alloc_info.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_MEMORY_ALLOCATE_INFO;
-    alloc_info.pNext = nullptr;
-    alloc_info.allocationSize = mem->requirements.size;
-    alloc_info.memoryTypeIndex = index;
-
-    mem->unique_id = ++unique_id;
-
-    auto result = vkAllocateMemory(ctx->m_device, &alloc_info, nullptr, &mem->memory);
-
-    if (result == VK_SUCCESS) {
-        return true;
-    }
-    return false;
-}
-
-void GPU::flushGarlic(HLE::Libs::Graphics::GraphicCtx* ctx) {
-    auto* gpumemory = Common::Singleton<GPUMemory>::Instance();
-    gpumemory->flushAllHeaps(ctx);
-}
-
-int GPU::GPUMemory::getHeapId(u64 virtual_addr, u64 size) {
-    int index = 0;
-    for (const auto& heap : m_heaps) {
-        if ((virtual_addr >= heap.allocated_virtual_addr &&
-             virtual_addr < heap.allocated_virtual_addr + heap.allocated_size) ||
-            ((virtual_addr + size - 1) >= heap.allocated_virtual_addr &&
-             (virtual_addr + size - 1) < heap.allocated_virtual_addr + heap.allocated_size)) {
-            return index;
-        }
-        index++;
-    }
-    return -1;
-}
-
-void* GPU::GPUMemory::memoryCreateObj(u64 submit_id, HLE::Libs::Graphics::GraphicCtx* ctx,
-                                      void* todo, const u64* virtual_addr, const u64* size,
-                                      int virtual_addr_num, const GPUObject& info) {
-    auto* gpumemory = Common::Singleton<GPUMemory>::Instance();
-
-    std::scoped_lock lock{gpumemory->m_mutex};
-
-    int heap_id = gpumemory->getHeapId(virtual_addr[0], size[0]);
-
-    if (heap_id < 0) {
-        return nullptr;
-    }
-    auto& heap = m_heaps[heap_id];
-
-    ObjInfo objInfo = {};
-
-    // copy parameters from info to obj
-    for (int i = 0; i < 8; i++) {
-        objInfo.obj_params[i] = info.obj_params[i];
-    }
-
-    objInfo.gpu_object.objectType = info.objectType;
-    objInfo.gpu_object.obj = nullptr;
-
-    for (int h = 0; h < virtual_addr_num; h++) {
-        if (info.check_hash) {
-            objInfo.hash[h] =
-                GPU::calculate_hash(reinterpret_cast<const u8*>(virtual_addr[h]), size[h]);
-        } else {
-            objInfo.hash[h] = 0;
-        }
-    }
-    objInfo.submit_id = submit_id;
-    objInfo.check_hash = info.check_hash;
-
-    objInfo.gpu_object.obj = info.getCreateFunc()(ctx, objInfo.obj_params, virtual_addr, size,
-                                                  virtual_addr_num, &objInfo.mem);
-
-    objInfo.update_func = info.getUpdateFunc();
-    int index = static_cast<int>(heap.objects.size());
-
-    HeapObject hobj{};
-    hobj.block = createHeapBlock(virtual_addr, size, virtual_addr_num, heap_id, index);
-    hobj.info = objInfo;
-    hobj.free = false;
-    heap.objects.push_back(hobj);
-
-    return objInfo.gpu_object.obj;
-}
-
-GPU::HeapBlock GPU::GPUMemory::createHeapBlock(const u64* virtual_addr, const u64* size,
-                                               int virtual_addr_num, int heap_id, int obj_id) {
-    auto& heap = m_heaps[heap_id];
-
-    GPU::HeapBlock heapBlock{};
-    heapBlock.virtual_addr_num = virtual_addr_num;
-    for (int vi = 0; vi < virtual_addr_num; vi++) {
-        heapBlock.virtual_addr[vi] = virtual_addr[vi];
-        heapBlock.size[vi] = size[vi];
-    }
-    return heapBlock;
-}
-
-void GPU::GPUMemory::update(u64 submit_id, HLE::Libs::Graphics::GraphicCtx* ctx, int heap_id,
-                            int obj_id) {
-    auto& heap = m_heaps[heap_id];
-
-    auto& heapObj = heap.objects[obj_id];
-    auto& objInfo = heapObj.info;
-    bool need_update = false;
-
-    if (submit_id > objInfo.submit_id) {
-        uint64_t hash[3] = {};
-
-        for (int i = 0; i < heapObj.block.virtual_addr_num; i++) {
-            if (objInfo.check_hash) {
-                hash[i] = GPU::calculate_hash(
-                    reinterpret_cast<const uint8_t*>(heapObj.block.virtual_addr[i]),
-                    heapObj.block.size[i]);
-            } else {
-                hash[i] = 0;
-            }
-        }
-
-        for (int i = 0; i < heapObj.block.virtual_addr_num; i++) {
-            if (objInfo.hash[i] != hash[i]) {
-                need_update = true;
-                objInfo.hash[i] = hash[i];
-            }
-        }
-
-        if (submit_id != UINT64_MAX) {
-            objInfo.submit_id = submit_id;
-        }
-    }
-
-    if (need_update) {
-        objInfo.update_func(ctx, objInfo.obj_params, objInfo.gpu_object.obj,
-                            heapObj.block.virtual_addr, heapObj.block.size,
-                            heapObj.block.virtual_addr_num);
-    }
-}
-
-void GPU::GPUMemory::flushAllHeaps(HLE::Libs::Graphics::GraphicCtx* ctx) {
-    std::scoped_lock lock{m_mutex};
-
-    int heap_id = 0;
-    for (auto& heap : m_heaps) {
-        int index = 0;
-        for (auto& heapObj : heap.objects) {
-            if (!heapObj.free) {
-                update(UINT64_MAX, ctx, heap_id, index);
-            }
-            index++;
-        }
-        heap_id++;
-    }
-}

src/core/PS4/GPU/gpu_memory.h

@@ -1,94 +0,0 @@
-// SPDX-FileCopyrightText: Copyright 2024 shadPS4 Emulator Project
-// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
-
-#pragma once
-
-#include <mutex>
-#include <vector>
-#include "common/types.h"
-#include "core/PS4/HLE/Graphics/graphics_ctx.h"
-
-namespace GPU {
-
-class GPUObject;
-
-enum class MemoryMode : u32 { NoAccess = 0, Read = 1, Write = 2, ReadWrite = 3 };
-enum class MemoryObjectType : u64 { InvalidObj, VideoOutBufferObj };
-
-struct GpuMemoryObject {
-    MemoryObjectType objectType = MemoryObjectType::InvalidObj;
-    void* obj = nullptr;
-};
-
-struct HeapBlock {
-    u64 virtual_addr[3] = {};
-    u64 size[3] = {};
-    int virtual_addr_num = 0;
-};
-
-class GPUObject {
-public:
-    GPUObject() = default;
-    virtual ~GPUObject() = default;
-    u64 obj_params[8] = {};
-    bool check_hash = false;
-    bool isReadOnly = false;
-    MemoryObjectType objectType = MemoryObjectType::InvalidObj;
-
-    using create_func_t = void* (*)(HLE::Libs::Graphics::GraphicCtx* ctx, const u64* params,
-                                    const u64* virtual_addr, const u64* size, int virtual_addr_num,
-                                    HLE::Libs::Graphics::VulkanMemory* mem);
-    using update_func_t = void (*)(HLE::Libs::Graphics::GraphicCtx* ctx, const u64* params,
-                                   void* obj, const u64* virtual_addr, const u64* size,
-                                   int virtual_addr_num);
-
-    virtual create_func_t getCreateFunc() const = 0;
-    virtual update_func_t getUpdateFunc() const = 0;
-};
-
-struct ObjInfo {
-    u64 obj_params[8] = {};
-    GpuMemoryObject gpu_object;
-    u64 hash[3] = {};
-    u64 submit_id = 0;
-    bool check_hash = false;
-    HLE::Libs::Graphics::VulkanMemory mem;
-    GPU::GPUObject::update_func_t update_func = nullptr;
-};
-
-struct HeapObject {
-    HeapBlock block;
-    ObjInfo info;
-    bool free = true;
-};
-struct MemoryHeap {
-    u64 allocated_virtual_addr = 0;
-    u64 allocated_size = 0;
-    std::vector<HeapObject> objects;
-};
-
-class GPUMemory {
-public:
-    GPUMemory() {}
-    virtual ~GPUMemory() {}
-    int getHeapId(u64 vaddr, u64 size);
-    std::mutex m_mutex;
-    std::vector<MemoryHeap> m_heaps;
-    void* memoryCreateObj(u64 submit_id, HLE::Libs::Graphics::GraphicCtx* ctx,
-                          /*CommandBuffer* buffer*/ void* todo, const u64* virtual_addr,
-                          const u64* size, int virtual_addr_num, const GPUObject& info);
-    HeapBlock createHeapBlock(const u64* virtual_addr, const u64* size, int virtual_addr_num,
-                              int heap_id, int obj_id);
-    void update(u64 submit_id, HLE::Libs::Graphics::GraphicCtx* ctx, int heap_id, int obj_id);
-    void flushAllHeaps(HLE::Libs::Graphics::GraphicCtx* ctx);
-};
-
-void memorySetAllocArea(u64 virtual_addr, u64 size);
-void* memoryCreateObj(u64 submit_id, HLE::Libs::Graphics::GraphicCtx* ctx,
-                      /*CommandBuffer* buffer*/ void* todo, u64 virtual_addr, u64 size,
-                      const GPUObject& info);
-u64 calculate_hash(const u8* buf, u64 size);
-bool vulkanAllocateMemory(HLE::Libs::Graphics::GraphicCtx* ctx,
-                          HLE::Libs::Graphics::VulkanMemory* mem);
-void flushGarlic(HLE::Libs::Graphics::GraphicCtx* ctx);
-} // namespace GPU

src/core/PS4/GPU/tile_manager.h

@@ -1,12 +0,0 @@
-// SPDX-FileCopyrightText: Copyright 2024 shadPS4 Emulator Project
-// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
-
-#pragma once
-
-#include "common/types.h"
-
-namespace GPU {
-
-void convertTileToLinear(void* dst, const void* src, u32 width, u32 height, bool neo);
-
-} // namespace GPU

src/core/PS4/GPU/video_out_buffer.cpp

@@ -1,146 +0,0 @@
-// SPDX-FileCopyrightText: Copyright 2024 shadPS4 Emulator Project
-// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
-
-#include "common/assert.h"
-#include "common/logging/log.h"
-#include "core/PS4/GPU/tile_manager.h"
-#include "core/PS4/GPU/video_out_buffer.h"
-#include "vulkan_util.h"
-
-static void update_func(HLE::Libs::Graphics::GraphicCtx* ctx, const u64* params, void* obj,
-                        const u64* virtual_addr, const u64* size, int virtual_addr_num) {
-
-    auto pitch = params[GPU::VideoOutBufferObj::PITCH_PARAM];
-    bool tiled = (params[GPU::VideoOutBufferObj::IS_TILE_PARAM] != 0);
-    bool neo = (params[GPU::VideoOutBufferObj::IS_NEO_PARAM] != 0);
-    auto width = params[GPU::VideoOutBufferObj::WIDTH_PARAM];
-    auto height = params[GPU::VideoOutBufferObj::HEIGHT_PARAM];
-
-    auto* vk_obj = static_cast<HLE::Libs::Graphics::VideoOutVulkanImage*>(obj);
-
-    vk_obj->layout = VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_UNDEFINED;
-
-    if (tiled) {
-        std::vector<u8> tempbuff(*size);
-        GPU::convertTileToLinear(tempbuff.data(), reinterpret_cast<void*>(*virtual_addr), width,
-                                 height, neo);
-        Graphics::Vulkan::vulkanFillImage(
-            ctx, vk_obj, tempbuff.data(), *size, pitch,
-            static_cast<u64>(VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_COLOR_ATTACHMENT_OPTIMAL));
-    } else {
-        Graphics::Vulkan::vulkanFillImage(
-            ctx, vk_obj, reinterpret_cast<void*>(*virtual_addr), *size, pitch,
-            static_cast<u64>(VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_COLOR_ATTACHMENT_OPTIMAL));
-    }
-}
-
-static void* create_func(HLE::Libs::Graphics::GraphicCtx* ctx, const u64* params,
-                         const u64* virtual_addr, const u64* size, int virtual_addr_num,
-                         HLE::Libs::Graphics::VulkanMemory* mem) {
-    auto pixel_format = params[GPU::VideoOutBufferObj::PIXEL_FORMAT_PARAM];
-    auto width = params[GPU::VideoOutBufferObj::WIDTH_PARAM];
-    auto height = params[GPU::VideoOutBufferObj::HEIGHT_PARAM];
-
-    auto* vk_obj = new HLE::Libs::Graphics::VideoOutVulkanImage;
-
-    VkFormat vk_format = VK_FORMAT_UNDEFINED;
-
-    switch (pixel_format) {
-    case static_cast<uint64_t>(GPU::VideoOutBufferFormat::R8G8B8A8Srgb):
-        vk_format = VK_FORMAT_R8G8B8A8_SRGB;
-        break;
-    case static_cast<uint64_t>(GPU::VideoOutBufferFormat::B8G8R8A8Srgb):
-        vk_format = VK_FORMAT_B8G8R8A8_SRGB;
-        break;
-    default:
-        UNREACHABLE_MSG("Unknown pixelFormat  = {}", pixel_format);
-    }
-
-    vk_obj->extent.width = width;
-    vk_obj->extent.height = height;
-    vk_obj->format = vk_format;
-    vk_obj->image = nullptr;
-    vk_obj->layout = VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_UNDEFINED;
-
-    for (auto& view : vk_obj->image_view) {
-        view = nullptr;
-    }
-
-    VkImageCreateInfo image_info{};
-    image_info.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_IMAGE_CREATE_INFO;
-    image_info.pNext = nullptr;
-    image_info.flags = 0;
-    image_info.imageType = VK_IMAGE_TYPE_2D;
-    image_info.extent.width = vk_obj->extent.width;
-    image_info.extent.height = vk_obj->extent.height;
-    image_info.extent.depth = 1;
-    image_info.mipLevels = 1;
-    image_info.arrayLayers = 1;
-    image_info.format = vk_obj->format;
-    image_info.tiling = VK_IMAGE_TILING_OPTIMAL;
-    image_info.initialLayout = vk_obj->layout;
-    image_info.usage = static_cast<VkImageUsageFlags>(VK_IMAGE_USAGE_COLOR_ATTACHMENT_BIT |
-                                                      VK_IMAGE_USAGE_TRANSFER_SRC_BIT) |
-                       VK_IMAGE_USAGE_TRANSFER_DST_BIT;
-    image_info.sharingMode = VK_SHARING_MODE_EXCLUSIVE;
-    image_info.samples = VK_SAMPLE_COUNT_1_BIT;
-
-    vkCreateImage(ctx->m_device, &image_info, nullptr, &vk_obj->image);
-
-    if (vk_obj->image == nullptr) {
-        UNREACHABLE_MSG("vk_obj->image is null");
-    }
-
-    vkGetImageMemoryRequirements(ctx->m_device, vk_obj->image, &mem->requirements);
-
-    mem->property = VK_MEMORY_PROPERTY_DEVICE_LOCAL_BIT;
-
-    bool allocated = GPU::vulkanAllocateMemory(ctx, mem);
-
-    if (!allocated) {
-        UNREACHABLE_MSG("Can't allocate vulkan memory");
-    }
-
-    vkBindImageMemory(ctx->m_device, vk_obj->image, mem->memory, mem->offset);
-
-    vk_obj->memory = *mem;
-
-    LOG_INFO(Lib_VideoOut, "videoOutBuffer create object width = {}, height = {}, size = {}", width,
-             height, *size);
-
-    update_func(ctx, params, vk_obj, virtual_addr, size, virtual_addr_num);
-
-    VkImageViewCreateInfo create_info{};
-    create_info.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_IMAGE_VIEW_CREATE_INFO;
-    create_info.pNext = nullptr;
-    create_info.flags = 0;
-    create_info.image = vk_obj->image;
-    create_info.viewType = VK_IMAGE_VIEW_TYPE_2D;
-    create_info.format = vk_obj->format;
-    create_info.components.r = VK_COMPONENT_SWIZZLE_IDENTITY;
-    create_info.components.g = VK_COMPONENT_SWIZZLE_IDENTITY;
-    create_info.components.b = VK_COMPONENT_SWIZZLE_IDENTITY;
-    create_info.components.a = VK_COMPONENT_SWIZZLE_IDENTITY;
-    create_info.subresourceRange.aspectMask = VK_IMAGE_ASPECT_COLOR_BIT;
-    create_info.subresourceRange.baseArrayLayer = 0;
-    create_info.subresourceRange.baseMipLevel = 0;
-    create_info.subresourceRange.layerCount = 1;
-    create_info.subresourceRange.levelCount = 1;
-
-    vkCreateImageView(ctx->m_device, &create_info, nullptr,
-                      &vk_obj->image_view[HLE::Libs::Graphics::VulkanImage::VIEW_DEFAULT]);
-
-    if (vk_obj->image_view[HLE::Libs::Graphics::VulkanImage::VIEW_DEFAULT] == nullptr) {
-        UNREACHABLE_MSG("vk_obj->image_view is null");
-    }
-
-    return vk_obj;
-}
-
-GPU::GPUObject::create_func_t GPU::VideoOutBufferObj::getCreateFunc() const {
-    return create_func;
-}
-
-GPU::GPUObject::update_func_t GPU::VideoOutBufferObj::getUpdateFunc() const {
-    return update_func;
-}

src/core/PS4/GPU/video_out_buffer.h

@@ -1,41 +0,0 @@
-// SPDX-FileCopyrightText: Copyright 2024 shadPS4 Emulator Project
-// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
-
-#pragma once
-
-#include "common/types.h"
-#include "core/PS4/GPU/gpu_memory.h"
-
-namespace GPU {
-
-enum class VideoOutBufferFormat : u64 {
-    Unknown,
-    R8G8B8A8Srgb,
-    B8G8R8A8Srgb,
-};
-
-class VideoOutBufferObj : public GPUObject {
-public:
-    static constexpr int PIXEL_FORMAT_PARAM = 0;
-    static constexpr int WIDTH_PARAM = 1;
-    static constexpr int HEIGHT_PARAM = 2;
-    static constexpr int IS_TILE_PARAM = 3;
-    static constexpr int IS_NEO_PARAM = 4;
-    static constexpr int PITCH_PARAM = 5;
-
-    explicit VideoOutBufferObj(VideoOutBufferFormat pixel_format, u32 width, u32 height,
-                               bool is_tiled, bool is_neo, u32 pitch) {
-        obj_params[PIXEL_FORMAT_PARAM] = static_cast<uint64_t>(pixel_format);
-        obj_params[WIDTH_PARAM] = width;
-        obj_params[HEIGHT_PARAM] = height;
-        obj_params[IS_TILE_PARAM] = is_tiled ? 1 : 0;
-        obj_params[IS_NEO_PARAM] = is_neo ? 1 : 0;
-        obj_params[PITCH_PARAM] = pitch;
-        check_hash = true;
-        objectType = GPU::MemoryObjectType::VideoOutBufferObj;
-    }
-
-    create_func_t getCreateFunc() const override;
-    update_func_t getUpdateFunc() const override;
-};
-} // namespace GPU

src/core/PS4/HLE/Graphics/Objects/video_out_ctx.cpp

@@ -1,149 +0,0 @@
-// SPDX-FileCopyrightText: Copyright 2024 shadPS4 Emulator Project
-// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
-
-#include "common/debug.h"
-#include "core/PS4/HLE/Graphics/Objects/video_out_ctx.h"
-#include "core/libraries/kernel/time_management.h"
-
-namespace HLE::Graphics::Objects {
-
-void VideoOutCtx::Init(u32 width, u32 height) {
-    m_video_out_ctx.m_resolution.fullWidth = width;
-    m_video_out_ctx.m_resolution.fullHeight = height;
-    m_video_out_ctx.m_resolution.paneWidth = width;
-    m_video_out_ctx.m_resolution.paneHeight = height;
-}
-
-int VideoOutCtx::Open() {
-    std::scoped_lock lock{m_mutex};
-
-    int handle = -1;
-
-    if (!m_video_out_ctx.isOpened) {
-        handle = 1; // positive return , should be more than 1 ?
-    }
-
-    m_video_out_ctx.isOpened = true;
-    m_video_out_ctx.m_flip_status = SceVideoOutFlipStatus();
-    m_video_out_ctx.m_flip_status.flipArg = -1;
-    m_video_out_ctx.m_flip_status.currentBuffer = -1;
-    m_video_out_ctx.m_flip_status.count = 0;
-    m_video_out_ctx.m_vblank_status = SceVideoOutVblankStatus();
-
-    return handle;
-}
-void VideoOutCtx::Close(s32 handle) {
-    std::scoped_lock lock{m_mutex};
-
-    m_video_out_ctx.isOpened = false;
-
-    if (m_video_out_ctx.m_flip_evtEq.size() > 0) {
-        BREAKPOINT(); // we need to clear all events if they have been created
-    }
-
-    m_video_out_ctx.m_flip_rate = 0;
-
-    // clear buffers
-    for (auto& buffer : m_video_out_ctx.buffers) {
-        buffer.buffer = nullptr;
-        buffer.buffer_render = nullptr;
-        buffer.buffer_size = 0;
-        buffer.set_id = 0;
-    }
-
-    m_video_out_ctx.buffers_sets.clear();
-
-    m_video_out_ctx.buffers_registration_index = 0;
-}
-
-void VideoOutCtx::Vblank() {
-    std::scoped_lock lock{m_mutex};
-
-    if (m_video_out_ctx.isOpened) {
-        m_video_out_ctx.m_mutex.lock();
-        m_video_out_ctx.m_vblank_status.count++;
-        m_video_out_ctx.m_vblank_status.processTime = Libraries::Kernel::sceKernelGetProcessTime();
-        m_video_out_ctx.m_vblank_status.tsc = Libraries::Kernel::sceKernelReadTsc();
-        m_video_out_ctx.m_mutex.unlock();
-    }
-}
-VideoConfigInternal* VideoOutCtx::getCtx(int handle) {
-    if (handle != 1) [[unlikely]] {
-        return nullptr;
-    }
-    return &m_video_out_ctx; // assuming that it's the only ctx TODO check if we need more
-}
-
-void FlipQueue::getFlipStatus(VideoConfigInternal* cfg, SceVideoOutFlipStatus* out) {
-    std::scoped_lock lock(m_mutex);
-    *out = cfg->m_flip_status;
-}
-
-bool FlipQueue::submitFlip(VideoConfigInternal* cfg, s32 index, s64 flip_arg) {
-    std::scoped_lock lock{m_mutex};
-
-    if (m_requests.size() >= 2) {
-        return false;
-    }
-
-    Request r{};
-    r.cfg = cfg;
-    r.index = index;
-    r.flip_arg = flip_arg;
-    r.submit_tsc = Libraries::Kernel::sceKernelReadTsc();
-
-    m_requests.push_back(r);
-
-    cfg->m_flip_status.flipPendingNum = static_cast<int>(m_requests.size());
-    cfg->m_flip_status.gcQueueNum = 0;
-
-    m_submit_cond.notify_one();
-
-    return true;
-}
-
-bool FlipQueue::flip(u32 micros) {
-    const auto request = [&]() -> Request* {
-        std::unique_lock lock{m_mutex};
-        m_submit_cond.wait_for(lock, std::chrono::microseconds(micros),
-                               [&] { return !m_requests.empty(); });
-        if (m_requests.empty()) {
-            return nullptr;
-        }
-        return &m_requests.at(0); // Process first request
-    }();
-
-    if (!request) {
-        return false;
-    }
-
-    const auto buffer = request->cfg->buffers[request->index].buffer_render;
-    Emu::DrawBuffer(buffer);
-
-    std::scoped_lock lock{m_mutex};
-
-    {
-        std::scoped_lock cfg_lock{request->cfg->m_mutex};
-        for (auto& flip_eq : request->cfg->m_flip_evtEq) {
-            if (flip_eq != nullptr) {
-                flip_eq->triggerEvent(SCE_VIDEO_OUT_EVENT_FLIP, Libraries::Kernel::EVFILT_VIDEO_OUT,
-                                      reinterpret_cast<void*>(request->flip_arg));
-            }
-        }
-    }
-
-    m_requests.erase(m_requests.begin());
-    m_done_cond.notify_one();
-
-    request->cfg->m_flip_status.count++;
-    request->cfg->m_flip_status.processTime = Libraries::Kernel::sceKernelGetProcessTime();
-    request->cfg->m_flip_status.tsc = Libraries::Kernel::sceKernelReadTsc();
-    request->cfg->m_flip_status.submitTsc = request->submit_tsc;
-    request->cfg->m_flip_status.flipArg = request->flip_arg;
-    request->cfg->m_flip_status.currentBuffer = request->index;
-    request->cfg->m_flip_status.flipPendingNum = static_cast<int>(m_requests.size());
-
-    return true;
-}
-
-} // namespace HLE::Graphics::Objects

src/core/PS4/HLE/Graphics/Objects/video_out_ctx.h

@@ -1,90 +0,0 @@
-// SPDX-FileCopyrightText: Copyright 2024 shadPS4 Emulator Project
-// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
-
-#pragma once
-
-#include <condition_variable>
-#include <mutex>
-#include "core/PS4/HLE/Graphics/graphics_ctx.h"
-#include "core/PS4/HLE/Graphics/video_out.h"
-#include "emulator.h"
-
-using namespace HLE::Libs::Graphics::VideoOut;
-
-namespace HLE::Graphics::Objects {
-
-struct VideoOutBufferInfo {
-    const void* buffer = nullptr;
-    HLE::Libs::Graphics::VideoOutVulkanImage* buffer_render = nullptr;
-    u64 buffer_size = 0;
-    u64 buffer_pitch = 0;
-    int set_id = 0;
-};
-
-struct VideoConfigInternal {
-    std::mutex m_mutex;
-    SceVideoOutResolutionStatus m_resolution;
-    bool isOpened = false;
-    SceVideoOutFlipStatus m_flip_status;
-    SceVideoOutVblankStatus m_vblank_status;
-    std::vector<Libraries::Kernel::SceKernelEqueue> m_flip_evtEq;
-    int m_flip_rate = 0;
-    VideoOutBufferInfo buffers[16];
-    std::vector<VideoOutBufferSetInternal> buffers_sets;
-    int buffers_registration_index = 0;
-};
-
-class FlipQueue {
-public:
-    FlipQueue() {}
-    virtual ~FlipQueue() {}
-
-    void getFlipStatus(VideoConfigInternal* cfg, SceVideoOutFlipStatus* out);
-    bool submitFlip(VideoConfigInternal* cfg, s32 index, s64 flip_arg);
-    bool flip(u32 micros);
-
-private:
-    struct Request {
-        VideoConfigInternal* cfg;
-        int index;
-        int64_t flip_arg;
-        uint64_t submit_tsc;
-    };
-
-    std::mutex m_mutex;
-    std::condition_variable m_submit_cond;
-    std::condition_variable m_done_cond;
-    std::vector<Request> m_requests;
-};
-
-class VideoOutCtx {
-
-public:
-    VideoOutCtx() {}
-    virtual ~VideoOutCtx() {}
-    void Init(u32 width, u32 height);
-    int Open();
-    void Close(s32 handle);
-    VideoConfigInternal* getCtx(int handle);
-    FlipQueue& getFlipQueue() {
-        return m_flip_queue;
-    }
-    HLE::Libs::Graphics::GraphicCtx* getGraphicCtx() {
-        std::scoped_lock lock{m_mutex};
-
-        if (!m_graphic_ctx) {
-            m_graphic_ctx = Emu::getGraphicCtx();
-        }
-
-        return m_graphic_ctx;
-    }
-    void Vblank();
-
-private:
-    std::mutex m_mutex;
-    VideoConfigInternal m_video_out_ctx;
-    FlipQueue m_flip_queue;
-    HLE::Libs::Graphics::GraphicCtx* m_graphic_ctx = nullptr;
-};
-
-} // namespace HLE::Graphics::Objects

src/core/PS4/HLE/Graphics/graphics_ctx.h

@@ -1,77 +0,0 @@
-// SPDX-FileCopyrightText: Copyright 2024 shadPS4 Emulator Project
-// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
-
-#pragma once
-
-#include <memory>
-#include <mutex>
-#include <vector>
-#include <vulkan/vulkan.h>
-#include "common/types.h"
-
-namespace HLE::Libs::Graphics {
-
-struct VulkanCommandPool {
-    std::mutex mutex;
-    VkCommandPool pool = nullptr;
-    std::vector<VkCommandBuffer> buffers;
-    std::vector<VkFence> fences;
-    std::vector<VkSemaphore> semaphores;
-    std::vector<bool> busy;
-    u32 buffers_count = 0;
-};
-
-struct VulkanQueueInfo {
-    std::unique_ptr<std::mutex> mutex{};
-    u32 family = static_cast<u32>(-1);
-    u32 index = static_cast<u32>(-1);
-    VkQueue vk_queue = nullptr;
-};
-
-struct GraphicCtx {
-    u32 screen_width = 0;
-    u32 screen_height = 0;
-    VkInstance m_instance = nullptr;
-    VkPhysicalDevice m_physical_device = nullptr;
-    VkDevice m_device = nullptr;
-    VulkanQueueInfo queues[11]; // VULKAN_QUEUES_NUM
-};
-
-enum class VulkanImageType { Unknown, VideoOut };
-
-struct VulkanMemory {
-    VkMemoryRequirements requirements = {};
-    VkMemoryPropertyFlags property = 0;
-    VkDeviceMemory memory = nullptr;
-    VkDeviceSize offset = 0;
-    u32 type = 0;
-    u64 unique_id = 0;
-};
-
-struct VulkanBuffer {
-    VkBuffer buffer = nullptr;
-    VulkanMemory memory;
-    VkBufferUsageFlags usage = 0;
-};
-struct VulkanImage {
-    static constexpr int VIEW_MAX = 4;
-    static constexpr int VIEW_DEFAULT = 0;
-    static constexpr int VIEW_BGRA = 1;
-    static constexpr int VIEW_DEPTH_TEXTURE = 2;
-
-    explicit VulkanImage(VulkanImageType type) : type(type) {}
-
-    VulkanImageType type = VulkanImageType::Unknown;
-    VkFormat format = VK_FORMAT_UNDEFINED;
-    VkExtent2D extent = {};
-    VkImage image = nullptr;
-    VkImageView image_view[VIEW_MAX] = {};
-    VkImageLayout layout = VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_UNDEFINED;
-    VulkanMemory memory;
-};
-
-struct VideoOutVulkanImage : public VulkanImage {
-    VideoOutVulkanImage() : VulkanImage(VulkanImageType::VideoOut) {}
-};
-
-} // namespace HLE::Libs::Graphics

src/core/PS4/HLE/Graphics/graphics_render.cpp

@@ -1,207 +0,0 @@
-// SPDX-FileCopyrightText: Copyright 2024 shadPS4 Emulator Project
-// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
-
-#include <fmt/core.h>
-#include "common/singleton.h"
-#include "core/PS4/HLE/Graphics/graphics_render.h"
-#include "emulator.h"
-
-static thread_local GPU::CommandPool g_command_pool;
-
-void GPU::renderCreateCtx() {
-    auto* render_ctx = Common::Singleton<RenderCtx>::Instance();
-
-    render_ctx->setGraphicCtx(Emu::getGraphicCtx());
-}
-
-void GPU::CommandBuffer::allocateBuffer() {
-    m_pool = g_command_pool.getPool(m_queue);
-
-    std::scoped_lock lock{m_pool->mutex};
-
-    for (uint32_t i = 0; i < m_pool->buffers_count; i++) {
-        if (!m_pool->busy[i]) {
-            m_pool->busy[i] = true;
-            vkResetCommandBuffer(m_pool->buffers[i], VK_COMMAND_BUFFER_RESET_RELEASE_RESOURCES_BIT);
-            m_index = i;
-            break;
-        }
-    }
-}
-
-void GPU::CommandBuffer::freeBuffer() {
-    std::scoped_lock lock{m_pool->mutex};
-
-    waitForFence();
-
-    m_pool->busy[m_index] = false;
-    vkResetCommandBuffer(m_pool->buffers[m_index], VK_COMMAND_BUFFER_RESET_RELEASE_RESOURCES_BIT);
-    m_index = static_cast<uint32_t>(-1);
-}
-
-void GPU::CommandBuffer::waitForFence() {
-    auto* render_ctx = Common::Singleton<RenderCtx>::Instance();
-
-    if (m_execute) {
-        auto* device = render_ctx->getGraphicCtx()->m_device;
-
-        vkWaitForFences(device, 1, &m_pool->fences[m_index], VK_TRUE, UINT64_MAX);
-        vkResetFences(device, 1, &m_pool->fences[m_index]);
-
-        m_execute = false;
-    }
-}
-void GPU::CommandBuffer::begin() const {
-    auto* buffer = m_pool->buffers[m_index];
-
-    VkCommandBufferBeginInfo begin_info{};
-    begin_info.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_COMMAND_BUFFER_BEGIN_INFO;
-    begin_info.pNext = nullptr;
-    begin_info.flags = 0;
-    begin_info.pInheritanceInfo = nullptr;
-
-    auto result = vkBeginCommandBuffer(buffer, &begin_info);
-
-    if (result != VK_SUCCESS) {
-        fmt::print("vkBeginCommandBuffer failed\n");
-        std::exit(0);
-    }
-}
-void GPU::CommandBuffer::end() const {
-    auto* buffer = m_pool->buffers[m_index];
-
-    auto result = vkEndCommandBuffer(buffer);
-
-    if (result != VK_SUCCESS) {
-        fmt::print("vkEndCommandBuffer failed\n");
-        std::exit(0);
-    }
-}
-void GPU::CommandBuffer::executeWithSemaphore() {
-    auto* buffer = m_pool->buffers[m_index];
-    auto* fence = m_pool->fences[m_index];
-
-    VkSubmitInfo submit_info{};
-    submit_info.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_SUBMIT_INFO;
-    submit_info.pNext = nullptr;
-    submit_info.waitSemaphoreCount = 0;
-    submit_info.pWaitSemaphores = nullptr;
-    submit_info.pWaitDstStageMask = nullptr;
-    submit_info.commandBufferCount = 1;
-    submit_info.pCommandBuffers = &buffer;
-    submit_info.signalSemaphoreCount = 1;
-    submit_info.pSignalSemaphores = &m_pool->semaphores[m_index];
-
-    auto* render_ctx = Common::Singleton<RenderCtx>::Instance();
-    const auto& queue = render_ctx->getGraphicCtx()->queues[m_queue];
-    auto result = vkQueueSubmit(queue.vk_queue, 1, &submit_info, fence);
-
-    m_execute = true;
-
-    if (result != VK_SUCCESS) {
-        fmt::print("vkQueueSubmit failed\n");
-        std::exit(0);
-    }
-}
-void GPU::CommandBuffer::execute() {
-    auto* buffer = m_pool->buffers[m_index];
-    auto* fence = m_pool->fences[m_index];
-
-    VkSubmitInfo submit_info{};
-    submit_info.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_SUBMIT_INFO;
-    submit_info.pNext = nullptr;
-    submit_info.waitSemaphoreCount = 0;
-    submit_info.pWaitSemaphores = nullptr;
-    submit_info.pWaitDstStageMask = nullptr;
-    submit_info.commandBufferCount = 1;
-    submit_info.pCommandBuffers = &buffer;
-    submit_info.signalSemaphoreCount = 0;
-    submit_info.pSignalSemaphores = nullptr;
-
-    auto* render_ctx = Common::Singleton<RenderCtx>::Instance();
-    const auto& queue = render_ctx->getGraphicCtx()->queues[m_queue];
-    auto result = vkQueueSubmit(queue.vk_queue, 1, &submit_info, fence);
-
-    m_execute = true;
-
-    if (result != VK_SUCCESS) {
-        fmt::print("vkQueueSubmit failed\n");
-        std::exit(0);
-    }
-}
-void GPU::CommandPool::createPool(int id) {
-    auto* render_ctx = Common::Singleton<RenderCtx>::Instance();
-    auto* ctx = render_ctx->getGraphicCtx();
-
-    VkCommandPoolCreateInfo pool_info{};
-    pool_info.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_COMMAND_POOL_CREATE_INFO;
-    pool_info.pNext = nullptr;
-    pool_info.queueFamilyIndex = ctx->queues[id].family;
-    pool_info.flags = VK_COMMAND_POOL_CREATE_RESET_COMMAND_BUFFER_BIT;
-
-    vkCreateCommandPool(ctx->m_device, &pool_info, nullptr, &m_pool[id].pool);
-
-    if (!m_pool[id].pool) {
-        fmt::print("pool is nullptr");
-        std::exit(0);
-    }
-
-    m_pool[id].buffers_count = 4;
-    m_pool[id].buffers.resize(m_pool[id].buffers_count);
-    m_pool[id].fences.resize(m_pool[id].buffers_count);
-    m_pool[id].semaphores.resize(m_pool[id].buffers_count);
-    m_pool[id].busy.resize(m_pool[id].buffers_count);
-
-    VkCommandBufferAllocateInfo alloc_info{};
-    alloc_info.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_COMMAND_BUFFER_ALLOCATE_INFO;
-    alloc_info.commandPool = m_pool[id].pool;
-    alloc_info.level = VK_COMMAND_BUFFER_LEVEL_PRIMARY;
-    alloc_info.commandBufferCount = m_pool[id].buffers_count;
-
-    if (vkAllocateCommandBuffers(ctx->m_device, &alloc_info, m_pool[id].buffers.data()) !=
-        VK_SUCCESS) {
-        fmt::print("Can't allocate command buffers\n");
-        std::exit(0);
-    }
-
-    for (u32 i = 0; i < m_pool[id].buffers_count; i++) {
-        m_pool[id].busy[i] = false;
-
-        VkFenceCreateInfo fence_info{};
-        fence_info.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_FENCE_CREATE_INFO;
-        fence_info.pNext = nullptr;
-        fence_info.flags = 0;
-
-        if (vkCreateFence(ctx->m_device, &fence_info, nullptr, &m_pool[id].fences[i]) !=
-            VK_SUCCESS) {
-            fmt::print("Can't create fence\n");
-            std::exit(0);
-        }
-
-        VkSemaphoreCreateInfo semaphore_info{};
-        semaphore_info.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_SEMAPHORE_CREATE_INFO;
-        semaphore_info.pNext = nullptr;
-        semaphore_info.flags = 0;
-
-        if (vkCreateSemaphore(ctx->m_device, &semaphore_info, nullptr, &m_pool[id].semaphores[i]) !=
-            VK_SUCCESS) {
-            fmt::print("Can't create semas\n");
-            std::exit(0);
-        }
-    }
-}
-
-void GPU::CommandPool::deleteAllPool() {
-    auto* render_ctx = Common::Singleton<RenderCtx>::Instance();
-    auto* ctx = render_ctx->getGraphicCtx();
-
-    for (auto& pool : m_pool) {
-        if (pool.pool) {
-            for (u32 i = 0; i < pool.buffers_count; i++) {
-                vkDestroySemaphore(ctx->m_device, pool.semaphores[i], nullptr);
-                vkDestroyFence(ctx->m_device, pool.fences[i], nullptr);
-            }
-            vkDestroyCommandPool(ctx->m_device, pool.pool, nullptr);
-        }
-    }
-}

src/core/PS4/HLE/Graphics/graphics_render.h

@@ -1,81 +0,0 @@
-// SPDX-FileCopyrightText: Copyright 2024 shadPS4 Emulator Project
-// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
-
-#pragma once
-
-#include <array>
-#include "core/PS4/HLE/Graphics/graphics_ctx.h"
-
-namespace GPU {
-
-class CommandPool {
-public:
-    CommandPool() = default;
-    ~CommandPool() {}
-
-    HLE::Libs::Graphics::VulkanCommandPool* getPool(int id) {
-        if (!m_pool[id].pool) {
-            createPool(id);
-        }
-        return &m_pool[id];
-    }
-
-private:
-    void createPool(int id);
-    void deleteAllPool();
-
-    std::array<HLE::Libs::Graphics::VulkanCommandPool, 11> m_pool{};
-};
-class CommandBuffer {
-public:
-    explicit CommandBuffer(int queue) : m_queue(queue) {
-        allocateBuffer();
-    }
-    virtual ~CommandBuffer() {
-        freeBuffer();
-    }
-    void allocateBuffer();
-    void freeBuffer();
-    void waitForFence();
-    void begin() const;
-    void end() const;
-    void executeWithSemaphore();
-    void execute();
-    u32 getIndex() const {
-        return m_index;
-    }
-    HLE::Libs::Graphics::VulkanCommandPool* getPool() {
-        return m_pool;
-    }
-
-private:
-    int m_queue = -1;
-    u32 m_index = static_cast<u32>(-1);
-    HLE::Libs::Graphics::VulkanCommandPool* m_pool = nullptr;
-    bool m_execute = false;
-};
-
-class Framebuffer {
-public:
-    Framebuffer() {}
-    virtual ~Framebuffer() {}
-};
-class RenderCtx {
-public:
-    RenderCtx() = default;
-
-    virtual ~RenderCtx() {}
-    void setGraphicCtx(HLE::Libs::Graphics::GraphicCtx* ctx) {
-        m_graphic_ctx = ctx;
-    }
-    HLE::Libs::Graphics::GraphicCtx* getGraphicCtx() {
-        return m_graphic_ctx;
-    }
-
-private:
-    Framebuffer m_framebuffer{};
-    HLE::Libs::Graphics::GraphicCtx* m_graphic_ctx = nullptr;
-};
-
-void renderCreateCtx();
-}; // namespace GPU

src/core/PS4/HLE/Graphics/video_out.cpp

@@ -1,382 +0,0 @@
-// SPDX-FileCopyrightText: Copyright 2024 shadPS4 Emulator Project
-// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
-
-#include <string>
-#include "Objects/video_out_ctx.h"
-#include "common/config.h"
-#include "common/debug.h"
-#include "common/logging/log.h"
-#include "common/singleton.h"
-#include "core/PS4/GPU/gpu_memory.h"
-#include "core/PS4/GPU/video_out_buffer.h"
-#include "core/PS4/HLE/Graphics/graphics_render.h"
-#include "core/PS4/HLE/Graphics/video_out.h"
-#include "core/libraries/error_codes.h"
-#include "core/libraries/gnmdriver/gnmdriver.h"
-#include "core/libraries/libs.h"
-#include "core/loader/symbols_resolver.h"
-#include "emulator.h"
-#include "src/core/libraries/system/userservice.h"
-
-namespace HLE::Libs::Graphics::VideoOut {
-
-constexpr bool log_file_videoout = true; // disable it to disable logging
-
-void videoOutInit(u32 width, u32 height) {
-    auto* videoOut = Common::Singleton<HLE::Graphics::Objects::VideoOutCtx>::Instance();
-    videoOut->Init(width, height);
-}
-
-bool videoOutFlip(u32 micros) {
-    auto* videoOut = Common::Singleton<HLE::Graphics::Objects::VideoOutCtx>::Instance();
-    return videoOut->getFlipQueue().flip(micros);
-}
-void VideoOutVblank() {
-    auto* videoOut = Common::Singleton<HLE::Graphics::Objects::VideoOutCtx>::Instance();
-    return videoOut->Vblank();
-}
-
-std::string getPixelFormatString(s32 format) {
-    switch (format) {
-    case SCE_VIDEO_OUT_PIXEL_FORMAT_A8R8G8B8_SRGB:
-        return "PIXEL_FORMAT_A8R8G8B8_SRGB";
-    case SCE_VIDEO_OUT_PIXEL_FORMAT_A8B8G8R8_SRGB:
-        return "PIXEL_FORMAT_A8B8G8R8_SRGB";
-    case SCE_VIDEO_OUT_PIXEL_FORMAT_A2R10G10B10:
-        return "PIXEL_FORMAT_A2R10G10B10";
-    case SCE_VIDEO_OUT_PIXEL_FORMAT_A2R10G10B10_SRGB:
-        return "PIXEL_FORMAT_A2R10G10B10_SRGB";
-    case SCE_VIDEO_OUT_PIXEL_FORMAT_A2R10G10B10_BT2020_PQ:
-        return "PIXEL_FORMAT_A2R10G10B10_BT2020_PQ";
-    case SCE_VIDEO_OUT_PIXEL_FORMAT_A16R16G16B16_FLOAT:
-        return "PIXEL_FORMAT_A16R16G16B16_FLOAT";
-    case SCE_VIDEO_OUT_PIXEL_FORMAT_YCBCR420_BT709:
-        return "PIXEL_FORMAT_YCBCR420_BT709";
-    default:
-        return "Unknown pixel format";
-    }
-}
-
-void PS4_SYSV_ABI sceVideoOutSetBufferAttribute(SceVideoOutBufferAttribute* attribute,
-                                                u32 pixelFormat, u32 tilingMode, u32 aspectRatio,
-                                                u32 width, u32 height, u32 pitchInPixel) {
-    LOG_INFO(Lib_VideoOut,
-             "pixelFormat = {}, tilingMode = {}, aspectRatio = {}, width = {}, height = {}, "
-             "pitchInPixel = {}",
-             getPixelFormatString(pixelFormat), tilingMode, aspectRatio, width, height,
-             pitchInPixel);
-
-    std::memset(attribute, 0, sizeof(SceVideoOutBufferAttribute));
-
-    attribute->pixelFormat = pixelFormat;
-    attribute->tilingMode = tilingMode;
-    attribute->aspectRatio = aspectRatio;
-    attribute->width = width;
-    attribute->height = height;
-    attribute->pitchInPixel = pitchInPixel;
-    attribute->option = SCE_VIDEO_OUT_BUFFER_ATTRIBUTE_OPTION_NONE;
-}
-
-static void flip_reset_event_func(Libraries::Kernel::EqueueEvent* event) {
-    event->isTriggered = false;
-    event->event.fflags = 0;
-    event->event.data = 0;
-}
-
-static void flip_trigger_event_func(Libraries::Kernel::EqueueEvent* event, void* trigger_data) {
-    event->isTriggered = true;
-    event->event.fflags++;
-    event->event.data = reinterpret_cast<intptr_t>(trigger_data);
-}
-
-static void flip_delete_event_func(Libraries::Kernel::SceKernelEqueue eq,
-                                   Libraries::Kernel::EqueueEvent* event) {
-    BREAKPOINT(); // TODO
-}
-
-s32 PS4_SYSV_ABI sceVideoOutAddFlipEvent(Libraries::Kernel::SceKernelEqueue eq, s32 handle,
-                                         void* udata) {
-    LOG_INFO(Lib_VideoOut, "handle = {}", handle);
-
-    auto* videoOut = Common::Singleton<HLE::Graphics::Objects::VideoOutCtx>::Instance();
-
-    auto* ctx = videoOut->getCtx(handle);
-
-    if (ctx == nullptr) {
-        return SCE_VIDEO_OUT_ERROR_INVALID_HANDLE;
-    }
-    std::scoped_lock lock(ctx->m_mutex);
-
-    if (eq == nullptr) {
-        return SCE_VIDEO_OUT_ERROR_INVALID_EVENT_QUEUE;
-    }
-
-    Libraries::Kernel::EqueueEvent event{};
-    event.isTriggered = false;
-    event.event.ident = SCE_VIDEO_OUT_EVENT_FLIP;
-    event.event.filter = Libraries::Kernel::EVFILT_VIDEO_OUT;
-    event.event.udata = udata;
-    event.event.fflags = 0;
-    event.event.data = 0;
-    event.filter.delete_event_func = flip_delete_event_func;
-    event.filter.reset_event_func = flip_reset_event_func;
-    event.filter.trigger_event_func = flip_trigger_event_func;
-    event.filter.data = ctx;
-
-    int result = eq->addEvent(event);
-
-    ctx->m_flip_evtEq.push_back(eq);
-
-    return result;
-}
-
-s32 PS4_SYSV_ABI sceVideoOutGetVblankStatus(int handle, SceVideoOutVblankStatus* status) {
-    if (status == nullptr) {
-        return SCE_VIDEO_OUT_ERROR_INVALID_ADDRESS;
-    }
-
-    auto* videoOut = Common::Singleton<HLE::Graphics::Objects::VideoOutCtx>::Instance();
-    auto* ctx = videoOut->getCtx(handle);
-
-    ctx->m_mutex.lock();
-    *status = ctx->m_vblank_status;
-    ctx->m_mutex.unlock();
-    return SCE_OK;
-}
-
-s32 sceVideoOutRegisterBuffers(s32 handle, s32 startIndex, void* const* addresses, s32 bufferNum,
-                               const SceVideoOutBufferAttribute* attribute) {
-    auto* videoOut = Common::Singleton<HLE::Graphics::Objects::VideoOutCtx>::Instance();
-    auto* ctx = videoOut->getCtx(handle);
-
-    if (handle == 1) { // main port
-        if (startIndex < 0 || startIndex > 15) {
-            LOG_ERROR(Lib_VideoOut, "Invalid startIndex = {}", startIndex);
-            return SCE_VIDEO_OUT_ERROR_INVALID_VALUE;
-        }
-        if (bufferNum < 1 || bufferNum > 16) {
-            LOG_ERROR(Lib_VideoOut, "Invalid bufferNum = {}", bufferNum);
-            return SCE_VIDEO_OUT_ERROR_INVALID_VALUE;
-        }
-    }
-    if (addresses == nullptr) {
-        LOG_ERROR(Lib_VideoOut, "Addresses are null");
-        return SCE_VIDEO_OUT_ERROR_INVALID_ADDRESS;
-    }
-
-    if (attribute == nullptr) {
-        LOG_ERROR(Lib_VideoOut, "Attribute is null");
-        return SCE_VIDEO_OUT_ERROR_INVALID_OPTION;
-    }
-    if (attribute->aspectRatio != 0) {
-        LOG_ERROR(Lib_VideoOut, "Invalid aspect ratio = {}", attribute->aspectRatio);
-        return SCE_VIDEO_OUT_ERROR_INVALID_ASPECT_RATIO;
-    }
-    if (attribute->tilingMode < 0 || attribute->tilingMode > 1) {
-        LOG_ERROR(Lib_VideoOut, "Invalid tilingMode = {}", attribute->tilingMode);
-        return SCE_VIDEO_OUT_ERROR_INVALID_TILING_MODE;
-    }
-
-    LOG_INFO(Lib_VideoOut,
-             "handle = {}, startIndex = {}, bufferNum = {}, pixelFormat = {:#x}, aspectRatio = {}, "
-             "tilingMode = {}, width = {}, height = {}, pitchInPixel = {}, option = {:#x}",
-             handle, startIndex, bufferNum, attribute->pixelFormat, attribute->aspectRatio,
-             attribute->tilingMode, attribute->width, attribute->height, attribute->pitchInPixel,
-             attribute->option);
-
-    int registration_index = ctx->buffers_registration_index++;
-
-    Emu::checkAndWaitForGraphicsInit();
-    GPU::renderCreateCtx();
-
-    // try to calculate buffer size
-    u64 buffer_size = 0; // still calculation is probably partial or wrong :D
-    if (attribute->tilingMode == 0) {
-        buffer_size = 1920 * 1088 * 4;
-    } else {
-        buffer_size = 1920 * 1080 * 4;
-    }
-    u64 buffer_pitch = attribute->pitchInPixel;
-
-    VideoOutBufferSetInternal buf{};
-
-    buf.start_index = startIndex;
-    buf.num = bufferNum;
-    buf.set_id = registration_index;
-    buf.attr = *attribute;
-
-    ctx->buffers_sets.push_back(buf);
-
-    GPU::VideoOutBufferFormat format = GPU::VideoOutBufferFormat::Unknown;
-
-    if (attribute->pixelFormat == 0x80000000) {
-        format = GPU::VideoOutBufferFormat::B8G8R8A8Srgb;
-    } else if (attribute->pixelFormat == 0x80002200) {
-        format = GPU::VideoOutBufferFormat::R8G8B8A8Srgb;
-    }
-
-    GPU::VideoOutBufferObj buffer_info(format, attribute->width, attribute->height,
-                                       attribute->tilingMode == 0, Config::isNeoMode(),
-                                       buffer_pitch);
-
-    for (int i = 0; i < bufferNum; i++) {
-        if (ctx->buffers[i + startIndex].buffer != nullptr) {
-            LOG_ERROR(Lib_VideoOut, "Buffer slot {} is occupied!", i + startIndex);
-            return SCE_VIDEO_OUT_ERROR_SLOT_OCCUPIED;
-        }
-
-        ctx->buffers[i + startIndex].set_id = registration_index;
-        ctx->buffers[i + startIndex].buffer = addresses[i];
-        ctx->buffers[i + startIndex].buffer_size = buffer_size;
-        ctx->buffers[i + startIndex].buffer_pitch = buffer_pitch;
-        ctx->buffers[i + startIndex].buffer_render =
-            static_cast<Graphics::VideoOutVulkanImage*>(GPU::memoryCreateObj(
-                0, videoOut->getGraphicCtx(), nullptr, reinterpret_cast<uint64_t>(addresses[i]),
-                buffer_size, buffer_info));
-
-        LOG_INFO(Lib_VideoOut, "buffers[{}] = {:#x}", i + startIndex,
-                 reinterpret_cast<u64>(addresses[i]));
-    }
-
-    return registration_index;
-}
-
-s32 PS4_SYSV_ABI sceVideoOutSetFlipRate(s32 handle, s32 rate) {
-    LOG_INFO(Lib_VideoOut, "called");
-    auto* videoOut = Common::Singleton<HLE::Graphics::Objects::VideoOutCtx>::Instance();
-    videoOut->getCtx(handle)->m_flip_rate = rate;
-    return SCE_OK;
-}
-
-s32 PS4_SYSV_ABI sceVideoOutIsFlipPending(s32 handle) {
-    LOG_INFO(Lib_VideoOut, "called");
-    auto* videoOut = Common::Singleton<HLE::Graphics::Objects::VideoOutCtx>::Instance();
-    s32 pending = videoOut->getCtx(handle)->m_flip_status.flipPendingNum;
-    return pending;
-}
-
-s32 PS4_SYSV_ABI sceVideoOutSubmitFlip(s32 handle, s32 bufferIndex, s32 flipMode, s64 flipArg) {
-    auto* videoOut = Common::Singleton<HLE::Graphics::Objects::VideoOutCtx>::Instance();
-    auto* ctx = videoOut->getCtx(handle);
-
-    if (flipMode != 1) {
-        // BREAKPOINT();  // only flipmode==1 is supported
-        LOG_WARNING(Lib_VideoOut, "flipmode = {}",
-                    flipMode); // openBOR needs 2 but seems to work
-    }
-    if (bufferIndex == -1) {
-        BREAKPOINT(); // blank output not supported
-    }
-    if (bufferIndex < -1 || bufferIndex > 15) {
-        LOG_ERROR(Lib_VideoOut, "Invalid bufferIndex = {}", bufferIndex);
-        return SCE_VIDEO_OUT_ERROR_INVALID_INDEX;
-    }
-
-    LOG_INFO(Lib_VideoOut, "bufferIndex = {}, flipMode = {}, flipArg = {}", bufferIndex, flipMode,
-             flipArg);
-
-    if (!videoOut->getFlipQueue().submitFlip(ctx, bufferIndex, flipArg)) {
-        LOG_ERROR(Lib_VideoOut, "Flip queue is full");
-        return SCE_VIDEO_OUT_ERROR_FLIP_QUEUE_FULL;
-    }
-    Libraries::GnmDriver::sceGnmFlushGarlic(); // hackish should be done that neccesary
-                                               // for niko's homebrew
-    return SCE_OK;
-}
-
-s32 PS4_SYSV_ABI sceVideoOutGetFlipStatus(s32 handle, SceVideoOutFlipStatus* status) {
-    auto* videoOut = Common::Singleton<HLE::Graphics::Objects::VideoOutCtx>::Instance();
-    auto* ctx = videoOut->getCtx(handle);
-    videoOut->getFlipQueue().getFlipStatus(ctx, status);
-
-    LOG_INFO(Lib_VideoOut,
-             "count = {}, processTime = {}, tsc = {}, submitTsc = {}, flipArg = {}, gcQueueNum = "
-             "{}, flipPendingNum = {}, currentBuffer = {}",
-             status->count, status->processTime, status->tsc, status->submitTsc, status->flipArg,
-             status->gcQueueNum, status->flipPendingNum, status->currentBuffer);
-    return 0;
-}
-
-s32 PS4_SYSV_ABI sceVideoOutGetResolutionStatus(s32 handle, SceVideoOutResolutionStatus* status) {
-    LOG_INFO(Lib_VideoOut, "called");
-    auto* videoOut = Common::Singleton<HLE::Graphics::Objects::VideoOutCtx>::Instance();
-    *status = videoOut->getCtx(handle)->m_resolution;
-    return SCE_OK;
-}
-
-s32 PS4_SYSV_ABI sceVideoOutOpen(SceUserServiceUserId userId, s32 busType, s32 index,
-                                 const void* param) {
-    LOG_INFO(Lib_VideoOut, "called");
-    if (userId != Libraries::UserService::ORBIS_USER_SERVICE_USER_ID_SYSTEM && userId != 0) {
-        BREAKPOINT();
-    }
-    if (busType != SCE_VIDEO_OUT_BUS_TYPE_MAIN) {
-        BREAKPOINT();
-    }
-    if (index != 0) {
-        LOG_ERROR(Lib_VideoOut, "Index != 0");
-        return SCE_VIDEO_OUT_ERROR_INVALID_VALUE;
-    }
-    if (param != nullptr) {
-        BREAKPOINT();
-    }
-    auto* videoOut = Common::Singleton<HLE::Graphics::Objects::VideoOutCtx>::Instance();
-    int handle = videoOut->Open();
-
-    if (handle < 0) {
-        LOG_ERROR(Lib_VideoOut, "All available handles are open");
-        return SCE_VIDEO_OUT_ERROR_RESOURCE_BUSY; // it is alreadyOpened
-    }
-
-    return handle;
-}
-
-s32 PS4_SYSV_ABI sceVideoOutClose(s32 handle) {
-    auto* videoOut = Common::Singleton<HLE::Graphics::Objects::VideoOutCtx>::Instance();
-    videoOut->Close(handle);
-    return SCE_OK;
-}
-
-s32 PS4_SYSV_ABI sceVideoOutUnregisterBuffers(s32 handle, s32 attributeIndex) {
-    BREAKPOINT();
-    return 0;
-}
-
-void videoOutRegisterLib(Core::Loader::SymbolsResolver* sym) {
-    LIB_FUNCTION("SbU3dwp80lQ", "libSceVideoOut", 1, "libSceVideoOut", 0, 0,
-                 sceVideoOutGetFlipStatus);
-    LIB_FUNCTION("U46NwOiJpys", "libSceVideoOut", 1, "libSceVideoOut", 0, 0, sceVideoOutSubmitFlip);
-    LIB_FUNCTION("w3BY+tAEiQY", "libSceVideoOut", 1, "libSceVideoOut", 0, 0,
-                 sceVideoOutRegisterBuffers);
-    LIB_FUNCTION("HXzjK9yI30k", "libSceVideoOut", 1, "libSceVideoOut", 0, 0,
-                 sceVideoOutAddFlipEvent);
-    LIB_FUNCTION("CBiu4mCE1DA", "libSceVideoOut", 1, "libSceVideoOut", 0, 0,
-                 sceVideoOutSetFlipRate);
-    LIB_FUNCTION("i6-sR91Wt-4", "libSceVideoOut", 1, "libSceVideoOut", 0, 0,
-                 sceVideoOutSetBufferAttribute);
-    LIB_FUNCTION("6kPnj51T62Y", "libSceVideoOut", 1, "libSceVideoOut", 0, 0,
-                 sceVideoOutGetResolutionStatus);
-    LIB_FUNCTION("Up36PTk687E", "libSceVideoOut", 1, "libSceVideoOut", 0, 0, sceVideoOutOpen);
-    LIB_FUNCTION("zgXifHT9ErY", "libSceVideoOut", 1, "libSceVideoOut", 0, 0,
-                 sceVideoOutIsFlipPending);
-    LIB_FUNCTION("N5KDtkIjjJ4", "libSceVideoOut", 1, "libSceVideoOut", 0, 0,
-                 sceVideoOutUnregisterBuffers);
-    LIB_FUNCTION("uquVH4-Du78", "libSceVideoOut", 1, "libSceVideoOut", 0, 0, sceVideoOutClose);
-    LIB_FUNCTION("1FZBKy8HeNU", "libSceVideoOut", 1, "libSceVideoOut", 0, 0,
-                 sceVideoOutGetVblankStatus);
-
-    // openOrbis appears to have libSceVideoOut_v1 module libSceVideoOut_v1.1
-    LIB_FUNCTION("Up36PTk687E", "libSceVideoOut", 1, "libSceVideoOut", 1, 1, sceVideoOutOpen);
-    LIB_FUNCTION("CBiu4mCE1DA", "libSceVideoOut", 1, "libSceVideoOut", 1, 1,
-                 sceVideoOutSetFlipRate);
-    LIB_FUNCTION("HXzjK9yI30k", "libSceVideoOut", 1, "libSceVideoOut", 1, 1,
-                 sceVideoOutAddFlipEvent);
-    LIB_FUNCTION("i6-sR91Wt-4", "libSceVideoOut", 1, "libSceVideoOut", 1, 1,
-                 sceVideoOutSetBufferAttribute);
-    LIB_FUNCTION("w3BY+tAEiQY", "libSceVideoOut", 1, "libSceVideoOut", 1, 1,
-                 sceVideoOutRegisterBuffers);
-    LIB_FUNCTION("U46NwOiJpys", "libSceVideoOut", 1, "libSceVideoOut", 1, 1, sceVideoOutSubmitFlip);
-    LIB_FUNCTION("SbU3dwp80lQ", "libSceVideoOut", 1, "libSceVideoOut", 1, 1,
-                 sceVideoOutGetFlipStatus);
-}
-} // namespace HLE::Libs::Graphics::VideoOut

src/core/libraries/gnmdriver/gnmdriver.cpp

@@ -2,11 +2,9 @@
 // SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
 
 #include "common/logging/log.h"
-#include "core/PS4/GPU/gpu_memory.h"
 #include "core/libraries/error_codes.h"
 #include "core/libraries/gnmdriver/gnmdriver.h"
 #include "core/libraries/libs.h"
-#include "emulator.h"
 
 namespace Libraries::GnmDriver {
 
@@ -293,7 +291,6 @@ int PS4_SYSV_ABI sceGnmFindResourcesPublic() {
 
 void PS4_SYSV_ABI sceGnmFlushGarlic() {
     LOG_WARNING(Lib_GnmDriver, "(STUBBED) called");
-    GPU::flushGarlic(Emu::getGraphicCtx());
 }
 
 int PS4_SYSV_ABI sceGnmGetCoredumpAddress() {

src/core/libraries/kernel/event_queue.cpp

@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 // SPDX-FileCopyrightText: Copyright 2024 shadPS4 Emulator Project
 // SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
 
+#include "common/assert.h"
 #include "common/debug.h"
 #include "core/libraries/kernel/event_queue.h"
 
@@ -11,16 +12,11 @@ EqueueInternal::~EqueueInternal() = default;
 int EqueueInternal::addEvent(const EqueueEvent& event) {
     std::scoped_lock lock{m_mutex};
 
-    if (m_events.size() > 0) {
+    ASSERT(m_events.empty());
-        BREAKPOINT();
+    ASSERT(!event.isTriggered);
-    }
+
     // TODO check if event is already exists and return it. Currently we just add in m_events array
     m_events.push_back(event);
-
-    if (event.isTriggered) {
-        BREAKPOINT(); // we don't support that either yet
-    }
-
     return 0;
 }
 
@@ -32,29 +28,27 @@ int EqueueInternal::waitForEvents(SceKernelEvent* ev, int num, u32 micros) {
         ret = getTriggeredEvents(ev, num);
         return ret > 0;
     };
-
+#ifndef _WIN64
+    char buf[128];
+    pthread_getname_np(pthread_self(), buf, 128);
+    fmt::print("Thread {} waiting for events (micros = {})\n", buf, micros);
+#endif // !_WIN64
     if (micros == 0) {
         m_cond.wait(lock, predicate);
     } else {
         m_cond.wait_for(lock, std::chrono::microseconds(micros), predicate);
     }
+    fmt::print("Wait done\n");
     return ret;
 }
 
 bool EqueueInternal::triggerEvent(u64 ident, s16 filter, void* trigger_data) {
     std::scoped_lock lock{m_mutex};
 
-    if (m_events.size() > 1) {
+    ASSERT(m_events.size() <= 1);
-        BREAKPOINT(); // we currently support one event
+
-    }
     auto& event = m_events[0];
-
+    event.trigger(trigger_data);
-    if (event.filter.trigger_event_func != nullptr) {
-        event.filter.trigger_event_func(&event, trigger_data);
-    } else {
-        event.isTriggered = true;
-    }
-
     m_cond.notify_one();
 
     return true;
@@ -63,17 +57,12 @@ bool EqueueInternal::triggerEvent(u64 ident, s16 filter, void* trigger_data) {
 int EqueueInternal::getTriggeredEvents(SceKernelEvent* ev, int num) {
     int ret = 0;
 
-    if (m_events.size() > 1) {
+    ASSERT(m_events.size() <= 1);
-        BREAKPOINT(); // we currently support one event
-    }
     auto& event = m_events[0];
 
     if (event.isTriggered) {
         ev[ret++] = event.event;
-
+        event.reset();
-        if (event.filter.reset_event_func != nullptr) {
-            event.filter.reset_event_func(&event);
-        }
     }
 
     return ret;

src/core/libraries/kernel/event_queue.h

@@ -52,15 +52,24 @@ struct SceKernelEvent {
 
 struct Filter {
     void* data = nullptr;
-    TriggerFunc trigger_event_func = nullptr;
-    ResetFunc reset_event_func = nullptr;
-    DeleteFunc delete_event_func = nullptr;
 };
 
 struct EqueueEvent {
     bool isTriggered = false;
     SceKernelEvent event;
     Filter filter;
+
+    void reset() {
+        isTriggered = false;
+        event.fflags = 0;
+        event.data = 0;
+    }
+
+    void trigger(void* data) {
+        isTriggered = true;
+        event.fflags++;
+        event.data = reinterpret_cast<uintptr_t>(data);
+    }
 };
 
 class EqueueInternal {

src/core/libraries/kernel/libkernel.cpp

@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 // SPDX-FileCopyrightText: Copyright 2024 shadPS4 Emulator Project
 // SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
 
+#include <thread>
 #include "common/assert.h"
 #include "common/logging/log.h"
 #include "common/singleton.h"

src/core/libraries/kernel/memory_management.cpp

@@ -2,10 +2,10 @@
 // SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
 
 #include <bit>
+#include "common/alignment.h"
 #include "common/assert.h"
 #include "common/logging/log.h"
 #include "common/singleton.h"
-#include "core/PS4/GPU/gpu_memory.h"
 #include "core/libraries/error_codes.h"
 #include "core/libraries/kernel/memory_management.h"
 #include "core/libraries/kernel/physical_memory.h"
@@ -13,10 +13,6 @@
 
 namespace Libraries::Kernel {
 
-bool is16KBAligned(u64 n) {
-    return ((n % (16ull * 1024) == 0));
-}
-
 u64 PS4_SYSV_ABI sceKernelGetDirectMemorySize() {
     LOG_WARNING(Kernel_Vmm, "called");
     return SCE_KERNEL_MAIN_DMEM_SIZE;
@@ -34,11 +30,11 @@ int PS4_SYSV_ABI sceKernelAllocateDirectMemory(s64 searchStart, s64 searchEnd, u
         return SCE_KERNEL_ERROR_EINVAL;
     }
     const bool is_in_range = (searchStart < len && searchEnd > len);
-    if (len <= 0 || !is16KBAligned(len) || !is_in_range) {
+    if (len <= 0 || !Common::is16KBAligned(len) || !is_in_range) {
         LOG_ERROR(Kernel_Vmm, "Provided address range is invalid!");
         return SCE_KERNEL_ERROR_EINVAL;
     }
-    if ((alignment != 0 || is16KBAligned(alignment)) && !std::has_single_bit(alignment)) {
+    if ((alignment != 0 || Common::is16KBAligned(alignment)) && !std::has_single_bit(alignment)) {
         LOG_ERROR(Kernel_Vmm, "Alignment value is invalid!");
         return SCE_KERNEL_ERROR_EINVAL;
     }
@@ -66,23 +62,22 @@ int PS4_SYSV_ABI sceKernelMapDirectMemory(void** addr, u64 len, int prot, int fl
         "len = {:#x}, prot = {:#x}, flags = {:#x}, directMemoryStart = {:#x}, alignment = {:#x}",
         len, prot, flags, directMemoryStart, alignment);
 
-    if (len == 0 || !is16KBAligned(len)) {
+    if (len == 0 || !Common::is16KBAligned(len)) {
         LOG_ERROR(Kernel_Vmm, "Map size is either zero or not 16KB aligned!");
         return SCE_KERNEL_ERROR_EINVAL;
     }
-    if (!is16KBAligned(directMemoryStart)) {
+    if (!Common::is16KBAligned(directMemoryStart)) {
         LOG_ERROR(Kernel_Vmm, "Start address is not 16KB aligned!");
         return SCE_KERNEL_ERROR_EINVAL;
     }
     if (alignment != 0) {
-        if ((!std::has_single_bit(alignment) && !is16KBAligned(alignment))) {
+        if ((!std::has_single_bit(alignment) && !Common::is16KBAligned(alignment))) {
             LOG_ERROR(Kernel_Vmm, "Alignment value is invalid!");
             return SCE_KERNEL_ERROR_EINVAL;
         }
     }
 
     VirtualMemory::MemoryMode cpu_mode = VirtualMemory::MemoryMode::NoAccess;
-    GPU::MemoryMode gpu_mode = GPU::MemoryMode::NoAccess;
 
     switch (prot) {
     case 0x03:
@@ -91,7 +86,6 @@ int PS4_SYSV_ABI sceKernelMapDirectMemory(void** addr, u64 len, int prot, int fl
     case 0x32:
     case 0x33: // SCE_KERNEL_PROT_CPU_READ|SCE_KERNEL_PROT_CPU_WRITE|SCE_KERNEL_PROT_GPU_READ|SCE_KERNEL_PROT_GPU_ALL
         cpu_mode = VirtualMemory::MemoryMode::ReadWrite;
-        gpu_mode = GPU::MemoryMode::ReadWrite;
         break;
     default:
         UNREACHABLE();
@@ -112,13 +106,10 @@ int PS4_SYSV_ABI sceKernelMapDirectMemory(void** addr, u64 len, int prot, int fl
     }
 
     auto* physical_memory = Common::Singleton<PhysicalMemory>::Instance();
-    if (!physical_memory->Map(out_addr, directMemoryStart, len, prot, cpu_mode, gpu_mode)) {
+    if (!physical_memory->Map(out_addr, directMemoryStart, len, prot, cpu_mode)) {
         UNREACHABLE();
     }
 
-    if (gpu_mode != GPU::MemoryMode::NoAccess) {
-        GPU::memorySetAllocArea(out_addr, len);
-    }
     return SCE_OK;
 }
 

src/core/libraries/kernel/physical_memory.cpp

@@ -1,20 +1,17 @@
 // SPDX-FileCopyrightText: Copyright 2024 shadPS4 Emulator Project
 // SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
 
+#include "common/alignment.h"
 #include "core/libraries/kernel/physical_memory.h"
 
 namespace Libraries::Kernel {
 
-static u64 AlignUp(u64 pos, u64 align) {
-    return (align != 0 ? (pos + (align - 1)) & ~(align - 1) : pos);
-}
-
 bool PhysicalMemory::Alloc(u64 searchStart, u64 searchEnd, u64 len, u64 alignment, u64* physAddrOut,
                            int memoryType) {
     std::scoped_lock lock{m_mutex};
     u64 find_free_pos = 0;
 
-    // iterate through allocated blocked and find the next free position
+    // Iterate through allocated blocked and find the next free position
     for (const auto& block : m_allocatedBlocks) {
         u64 n = block.start_addr + block.size;
         if (n > find_free_pos) {
@@ -22,16 +19,15 @@ bool PhysicalMemory::Alloc(u64 searchStart, u64 searchEnd, u64 len, u64 alignmen
         }
     }
 
-    // align free position
+    // Align free position
-    find_free_pos = AlignUp(find_free_pos, alignment);
+    find_free_pos = Common::alignUp(find_free_pos, alignment);
 
-    // if the new position is between searchStart - searchEnd , allocate a new block
+    // If the new position is between searchStart - searchEnd , allocate a new block
     if (find_free_pos >= searchStart && find_free_pos + len <= searchEnd) {
         AllocatedBlock block{};
         block.size = len;
         block.start_addr = find_free_pos;
         block.memoryType = memoryType;
-        block.gpu_mode = GPU::MemoryMode::NoAccess;
         block.map_size = 0;
         block.map_virtual_addr = 0;
         block.prot = 0;
@@ -47,7 +43,7 @@ bool PhysicalMemory::Alloc(u64 searchStart, u64 searchEnd, u64 len, u64 alignmen
 }
 
 bool PhysicalMemory::Map(u64 virtual_addr, u64 phys_addr, u64 len, int prot,
-                         VirtualMemory::MemoryMode cpu_mode, GPU::MemoryMode gpu_mode) {
+                         VirtualMemory::MemoryMode cpu_mode) {
     std::scoped_lock lock{m_mutex};
     for (auto& b : m_allocatedBlocks) {
         if (phys_addr >= b.start_addr && phys_addr < b.start_addr + b.size) {
@@ -59,7 +55,6 @@ bool PhysicalMemory::Map(u64 virtual_addr, u64 phys_addr, u64 len, int prot,
             b.map_size = len;
             b.prot = prot;
             b.cpu_mode = cpu_mode;
-            b.gpu_mode = gpu_mode;
 
             return true;
         }

src/core/libraries/kernel/physical_memory.h

@@ -6,7 +6,6 @@
 #include <mutex>
 #include <vector>
 #include "common/types.h"
-#include "core/PS4/GPU/gpu_memory.h"
 #include "core/virtual_memory.h"
 
 namespace Libraries::Kernel {
@@ -21,7 +20,6 @@ public:
         u64 map_size;
         int prot;
         VirtualMemory::MemoryMode cpu_mode;
-        GPU::MemoryMode gpu_mode;
     };
     PhysicalMemory() {}
     virtual ~PhysicalMemory() {}
@@ -29,8 +27,8 @@ public:
 public:
     bool Alloc(u64 searchStart, u64 searchEnd, u64 len, u64 alignment, u64* physAddrOut,
                int memoryType);
-    bool Map(u64 virtual_addr, u64 phys_addr, u64 len, int prot, VirtualMemory::MemoryMode cpu_mode,
+    bool Map(u64 virtual_addr, u64 phys_addr, u64 len, int prot,
-             GPU::MemoryMode gpu_mode);
+             VirtualMemory::MemoryMode cpu_mode);
 
 private:
     std::vector<AllocatedBlock> m_allocatedBlocks;

src/core/libraries/libc/libc.cpp

@@ -13,7 +13,7 @@
 #include "core/libraries/libc/libc_string.h"
 #include "core/libraries/libs.h"
 
-namespace Core::Libraries::LibC {
+namespace Libraries::LibC {
 
 constexpr bool log_file_libc = true; // disable it to disable logging
 static u32 g_need_sceLibc = 1;
@@ -421,7 +421,7 @@ const PS4_SYSV_ABI u16* ps4__Getpctype() {
     return &characterTypeTable[0];
 }
 
-void libcSymbolsRegister(Loader::SymbolsResolver* sym) {
+void libcSymbolsRegister(Core::Loader::SymbolsResolver* sym) {
     // cxa functions
     LIB_FUNCTION("3GPpjQdAMTw", "libc", 1, "libc", 1, 1, ps4___cxa_guard_acquire);
     LIB_FUNCTION("9rAeANT2tyE", "libc", 1, "libc", 1, 1, ps4___cxa_guard_release);
@@ -490,4 +490,4 @@ void libcSymbolsRegister(Loader::SymbolsResolver* sym) {
     LIB_FUNCTION("sUP1hBaouOw", "libc", 1, "libc", 1, 1, ps4__Getpctype);
 }
 
-}; // namespace Core::Libraries::LibC
+}; // namespace Libraries::LibC

src/core/libraries/libc/libc.h

@@ -7,8 +7,8 @@ namespace Core::Loader {
 class SymbolsResolver;
 }
 
-namespace Core::Libraries::LibC {
+namespace Libraries::LibC {
 
-void libcSymbolsRegister(Loader::SymbolsResolver* sym);
+void libcSymbolsRegister(Core::Loader::SymbolsResolver* sym);
 
-} // namespace Core::Libraries::LibC
+} // namespace Libraries::LibC

src/core/libraries/libc/libc_cxa.cpp

@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@
 // adapted from
 // https://opensource.apple.com/source/libcppabi/libcppabi-14/src/cxa_guard.cxx.auto.html
 
-namespace Core::Libraries::LibC {
+namespace Libraries::LibC {
 
 // This file implements the __cxa_guard_* functions as defined at:
 //     http://www.codesourcery.com/public/cxx-abi/abi.html
@@ -158,4 +158,4 @@ void PS4_SYSV_ABI ps4___cxa_guard_abort(u64* guard_object) {
     setNotInUse(guard_object);
 }
 
-} // namespace Core::Libraries::LibC
+} // namespace Libraries::LibC

src/core/libraries/libc/libc_cxa.h

@@ -6,10 +6,10 @@
 #include <pthread.h>
 #include "common/types.h"
 
-namespace Core::Libraries::LibC {
+namespace Libraries::LibC {
 
 int PS4_SYSV_ABI ps4___cxa_guard_acquire(u64* guard_object);
 void PS4_SYSV_ABI ps4___cxa_guard_release(u64* guard_object);
 void PS4_SYSV_ABI ps4___cxa_guard_abort(u64* guard_object);
 
-} // namespace Core::Libraries::LibC
+} // namespace Libraries::LibC

src/core/libraries/libc/libc_math.cpp

@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@
 #include <cmath>
 #include "core/libraries/libc/libc_math.h"
 
-namespace Core::Libraries::LibC {
+namespace Libraries::LibC {
 
 float PS4_SYSV_ABI ps4_atan2f(float y, float x) {
     return atan2f(y, x);
@@ -38,4 +38,4 @@ double PS4_SYSV_ABI ps4_exp2(double arg) {
     return exp2(arg);
 }
 
-} // namespace Core::Libraries::LibC
+} // namespace Libraries::LibC

src/core/libraries/libc/libc_math.h

@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@
 
 #include "common/types.h"
 
-namespace Core::Libraries::LibC {
+namespace Libraries::LibC {
 
 float PS4_SYSV_ABI ps4_atan2f(float y, float x);
 float PS4_SYSV_ABI ps4_acosf(float num);
@@ -16,4 +16,4 @@ double PS4_SYSV_ABI ps4__Sin(double x);
 float PS4_SYSV_ABI ps4__Fsin(float arg);
 double PS4_SYSV_ABI ps4_exp2(double arg);
 
-} // namespace Core::Libraries::LibC
+} // namespace Libraries::LibC

src/core/libraries/libc/libc_stdio.cpp

@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
 #include "core/file_sys/fs.h"
 #include "core/libraries/libc/libc_stdio.h"
 
-namespace Core::Libraries::LibC {
+namespace Libraries::LibC {
 
 std::FILE* PS4_SYSV_ABI ps4_fopen(const char* filename, const char* mode) {
     auto* mnt = Common::Singleton<Core::FileSys::MntPoints>::Instance();
@@ -70,4 +70,4 @@ int PS4_SYSV_ABI ps4_puts(const char* s) {
     return std::puts(s);
 }
 
-} // namespace Core::Libraries::LibC
+} // namespace Libraries::LibC

src/core/libraries/libc/libc_stdio.h

@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
 #include "common/types.h"
 #include "core/libraries/libc/printf.h"
 
-namespace Core::Libraries::LibC {
+namespace Libraries::LibC {
 
 std::FILE* PS4_SYSV_ABI ps4_fopen(const char* filename, const char* mode);
 int PS4_SYSV_ABI ps4_printf(VA_ARGS);
@@ -19,4 +19,4 @@ int PS4_SYSV_ABI ps4_fseek(FILE* stream, long offset, int whence);
 int PS4_SYSV_ABI ps4_fgetpos(FILE* stream, fpos_t* pos);
 std::size_t PS4_SYSV_ABI ps4_fread(void* ptr, size_t size, size_t nmemb, FILE* stream);
 
-} // namespace Core::Libraries::LibC
+} // namespace Libraries::LibC

src/core/libraries/libc/libc_stdlib.cpp

@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@
 #include "common/assert.h"
 #include "core/libraries/libc/libc_stdlib.h"
 
-namespace Core::Libraries::LibC {
+namespace Libraries::LibC {
 
 void PS4_SYSV_ABI ps4_exit(int code) {
     std::exit(code);
@@ -42,4 +42,4 @@ int PS4_SYSV_ABI ps4_rand() {
     return std::rand();
 }
 
-} // namespace Core::Libraries::LibC
+} // namespace Libraries::LibC

src/core/libraries/libc/libc_stdlib.h

@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
 #include <cstddef>
 #include "common/types.h"
 
-namespace Core::Libraries::LibC {
+namespace Libraries::LibC {
 
 void PS4_SYSV_ABI ps4_exit(int code);
 int PS4_SYSV_ABI ps4_atexit(void (*func)());
@@ -16,4 +16,4 @@ void PS4_SYSV_ABI ps4_qsort(void* ptr, size_t count, size_t size,
                             int(PS4_SYSV_ABI* comp)(const void*, const void*));
 int PS4_SYSV_ABI ps4_rand();
 
-} // namespace Core::Libraries::LibC
+} // namespace Libraries::LibC

src/core/libraries/libc/libc_string.cpp

@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@
 #include <cstring>
 #include "core/libraries/libc/libc_string.h"
 
-namespace Core::Libraries::LibC {
+namespace Libraries::LibC {
 
 int PS4_SYSV_ABI ps4_memcmp(const void* s1, const void* s2, size_t n) {
     return std::memcmp(s1, s2, n);
@@ -58,4 +58,4 @@ char* PS4_SYSV_ABI ps4_strdup(const char* str1) {
     return dup;
 }
 
-} // namespace Core::Libraries::LibC
+} // namespace Libraries::LibC

src/core/libraries/libc/libc_string.h

@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
 #include <cstddef>
 #include "common/types.h"
 
-namespace Core::Libraries::LibC {
+namespace Libraries::LibC {
 
 int PS4_SYSV_ABI ps4_memcmp(const void* s1, const void* s2, size_t n);
 void* PS4_SYSV_ABI ps4_memcpy(void* dest, const void* src, size_t n);
@@ -21,4 +21,4 @@ char* PS4_SYSV_ABI ps4_strrchr(const char* s, int c);
 int PS4_SYSV_ABI ps4_strncmp(const char* s1, const char* s2, size_t n);
 char* PS4_SYSV_ABI ps4_strdup(const char* str1);
 
-} // namespace Core::Libraries::LibC
+} // namespace Libraries::LibC

src/core/libraries/libc/printf.h

@@ -64,7 +64,7 @@
 
 #include "va_ctx.h"
 
-namespace Core::Libraries::LibC {
+namespace Libraries::LibC {
 // ntoa conversion buffer size, this must be big enough to hold
 // one converted numeric number including padded zeros (dynamically created on stack)
 // 32 byte is a good default
@@ -750,4 +750,4 @@ static int vsnprintf_ctx(char* s, size_t n, const char* format, VaList* arg) {
     std::strcpy(s, buffer);
     return result;
 }
-} // namespace Core::Libraries::LibC
+} // namespace Libraries::LibC

src/core/libraries/libc/va_ctx.h

@@ -30,7 +30,7 @@
     (ctx).va_list.fp_offset = offsetof(VaRegSave, fp);                                             \
     (ctx).va_list.overflow_arg_area = &overflow_arg_area;
 
-namespace Core::Libraries::LibC {
+namespace Libraries::LibC {
 
 // https://stackoverflow.com/questions/4958384/what-is-the-format-of-the-x86-64-va-list-structure
 
@@ -107,4 +107,4 @@ T* vaArgPtr(VaList* l) {
     return vaArgOverflowArgArea<T*, 1, 8>(l);
 }
 
-} // namespace Core::Libraries::LibC
+} // namespace Libraries::LibC

src/core/libraries/libs.cpp

@@ -2,7 +2,6 @@
 // SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
 
 #include "common/config.h"
-#include "core/PS4/HLE/Graphics/video_out.h"
 #include "core/libraries/audio/audioin.h"
 #include "core/libraries/audio/audioout.h"
 #include "core/libraries/gnmdriver/gnmdriver.h"
@@ -22,16 +21,17 @@
 #include "core/libraries/system/sysmodule.h"
 #include "core/libraries/system/systemservice.h"
 #include "core/libraries/system/userservice.h"
+#include "core/libraries/videoout/video_out.h"
 
 namespace Libraries {
 
 void InitHLELibs(Core::Loader::SymbolsResolver* sym) {
     Libraries::Kernel::LibKernel_Register(sym);
-    HLE::Libs::Graphics::VideoOut::videoOutRegisterLib(sym);
+    Libraries::VideoOut::RegisterLib(sym);
     Libraries::GnmDriver::RegisterlibSceGnmDriver(sym);
     Libraries::LibPad::padSymbolsRegister(sym);
     if (!Config::isLleLibc()) {
-        Core::Libraries::LibC::libcSymbolsRegister(sym);
+        Libraries::LibC::libcSymbolsRegister(sym);
     }
 
     // New libraries folder from autogen

src/core/libraries/videoout/buffer.h

@@ -0,0 +1,74 @@
+// SPDX-FileCopyrightText: Copyright 2024 shadPS4 Emulator Project
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
+
+#pragma once
+
+#include <string_view>
+#include "common/assert.h"
+#include "common/types.h"
+
+namespace Libraries::VideoOut {
+
+constexpr std::size_t MaxDisplayBuffers = 16;
+constexpr std::size_t MaxDisplayBufferGroups = 4;
+
+enum class PixelFormat : u32 {
+    Unknown,
+    A8R8G8B8Srgb = 0x80000000,
+    A8B8G8R8Srgb = 0x80002200,
+    A2R10G10B10 = 0x88060000,
+    A2R10G10B10Srgb = 0x88000000,
+    A2R10G10B10Bt2020Pq = 0x88740000,
+    A16R16G16B16Float = 0xC1060000,
+};
+
+enum class TilingMode : s32 {
+    Tile = 0,
+    Linear = 1,
+};
+
+constexpr std::string_view GetPixelFormatString(PixelFormat format) {
+    switch (format) {
+    case PixelFormat::A8R8G8B8Srgb:
+        return "A8R8G8B8Srgb";
+    case PixelFormat::A8B8G8R8Srgb:
+        return "A8B8G8R8Srgb";
+    case PixelFormat::A2R10G10B10:
+        return "A2R10G10B10";
+    case PixelFormat::A2R10G10B10Srgb:
+        return "A2R10G10B10Srgb";
+    case PixelFormat::A2R10G10B10Bt2020Pq:
+        return "A2R10G10B10Bt2020Pq";
+    case PixelFormat::A16R16G16B16Float:
+        return "A16R16G16B16Float";
+    default:
+        UNREACHABLE_MSG("Unknown pixel format {}", static_cast<u32>(format));
+        return "";
+    }
+}
+
+struct BufferAttribute {
+    PixelFormat pixel_format;
+    TilingMode tiling_mode;
+    s32 aspect_ratio;
+    u32 width;
+    u32 height;
+    u32 pitch_in_pixel;
+    u32 option;
+    u32 reserved0;
+    u64 reserved1;
+};
+
+struct BufferAttributeGroup {
+    bool is_occupied;
+    BufferAttribute attrib;
+    u32 size_in_bytes;
+};
+
+struct VideoOutBuffer {
+    s32 group_index{-1};
+    uintptr_t address_left;
+    uintptr_t address_right;
+};
+
+} // namespace Libraries::VideoOut

src/core/libraries/videoout/driver.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,236 @@
+// SPDX-FileCopyrightText: Copyright 2024 shadPS4 Emulator Project
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
+
+#include <pthread.h>
+#include "common/assert.h"
+#include "core/libraries/error_codes.h"
+#include "core/libraries/kernel/time_management.h"
+#include "core/libraries/videoout/driver.h"
+
+#include "video_core/renderer_vulkan/renderer_vulkan.h"
+
+extern Frontend::WindowSDL* g_window;
+
+namespace Libraries::VideoOut {
+
+constexpr static bool Is32BppPixelFormat(PixelFormat format) {
+    switch (format) {
+    case PixelFormat::A8R8G8B8Srgb:
+    case PixelFormat::A8B8G8R8Srgb:
+    case PixelFormat::A2R10G10B10:
+    case PixelFormat::A2R10G10B10Srgb:
+    case PixelFormat::A2R10G10B10Bt2020Pq:
+        return true;
+    default:
+        return false;
+    }
+}
+
+constexpr u32 PixelFormatBpp(PixelFormat pixel_format) {
+    switch (pixel_format) {
+    case PixelFormat::A16R16G16B16Float:
+        return 8;
+    default:
+        return 4;
+    }
+}
+
+VideoOutDriver::VideoOutDriver(u32 width, u32 height) {
+    main_port.resolution.fullWidth = width;
+    main_port.resolution.fullHeight = height;
+    main_port.resolution.paneWidth = width;
+    main_port.resolution.paneHeight = height;
+
+    renderer = std::make_unique<Vulkan::RendererVulkan>(*g_window);
+}
+
+VideoOutDriver::~VideoOutDriver() = default;
+
+int VideoOutDriver::Open(const ServiceThreadParams* params) {
+    std::scoped_lock lock{mutex};
+
+    if (main_port.is_open) {
+        return ORBIS_VIDEO_OUT_ERROR_RESOURCE_BUSY;
+    }
+
+    int handle = 1;
+    main_port.is_open = true;
+    return handle;
+}
+
+void VideoOutDriver::Close(s32 handle) {
+    std::scoped_lock lock{mutex};
+
+    main_port.is_open = false;
+    main_port.flip_rate = 0;
+    ASSERT(main_port.flip_events.empty());
+}
+
+VideoOutPort* VideoOutDriver::GetPort(int handle) {
+    if (handle != 1) [[unlikely]] {
+        return nullptr;
+    }
+    return &main_port;
+}
+
+int VideoOutDriver::RegisterBuffers(VideoOutPort* port, s32 startIndex, void* const* addresses,
+                                    s32 bufferNum, const BufferAttribute* attribute) {
+    const s32 group_index = port->FindFreeGroup();
+    if (group_index >= MaxDisplayBufferGroups) {
+        return ORBIS_VIDEO_OUT_ERROR_NO_EMPTY_SLOT;
+    }
+
+    if (startIndex + bufferNum > MaxDisplayBuffers || startIndex > MaxDisplayBuffers ||
+        bufferNum > MaxDisplayBuffers) {
+        LOG_ERROR(Lib_VideoOut,
+                  "Attempted to register too many buffers startIndex = {}, bufferNum = {}",
+                  startIndex, bufferNum);
+        return ORBIS_VIDEO_OUT_ERROR_INVALID_VALUE;
+    }
+
+    const s32 end_index = startIndex + bufferNum;
+    if (bufferNum > 0 &&
+        std::any_of(port->buffer_slots.begin() + startIndex, port->buffer_slots.begin() + end_index,
+                    [](auto& buffer) { return buffer.group_index != -1; })) {
+        return ORBIS_VIDEO_OUT_ERROR_SLOT_OCCUPIED;
+    }
+
+    if (attribute->reserved0 != 0 || attribute->reserved1 != 0) {
+        LOG_ERROR(Lib_VideoOut, "Invalid reserved memebers");
+        return ORBIS_VIDEO_OUT_ERROR_INVALID_VALUE;
+    }
+    if (attribute->aspect_ratio != 0) {
+        LOG_ERROR(Lib_VideoOut, "Invalid aspect ratio = {}", attribute->aspect_ratio);
+        return ORBIS_VIDEO_OUT_ERROR_INVALID_ASPECT_RATIO;
+    }
+    if (attribute->width > attribute->pitch_in_pixel) {
+        LOG_ERROR(Lib_VideoOut, "Buffer width {} is larger than pitch {}", attribute->width,
+                  attribute->pitch_in_pixel);
+        return ORBIS_VIDEO_OUT_ERROR_INVALID_PITCH;
+    }
+    if (attribute->tiling_mode < TilingMode::Tile || attribute->tiling_mode > TilingMode::Linear) {
+        LOG_ERROR(Lib_VideoOut, "Invalid tilingMode = {}",
+                  static_cast<u32>(attribute->tiling_mode));
+        return ORBIS_VIDEO_OUT_ERROR_INVALID_TILING_MODE;
+    }
+
+    LOG_INFO(Lib_VideoOut,
+             "startIndex = {}, bufferNum = {}, pixelFormat = {}, aspectRatio = {}, "
+             "tilingMode = {}, width = {}, height = {}, pitchInPixel = {}, option = {:#x}",
+             startIndex, bufferNum, GetPixelFormatString(attribute->pixel_format),
+             attribute->aspect_ratio, static_cast<u32>(attribute->tiling_mode), attribute->width,
+             attribute->height, attribute->pitch_in_pixel, attribute->option);
+
+    auto& group = port->groups[group_index];
+    std::memcpy(&group.attrib, attribute, sizeof(BufferAttribute));
+    group.size_in_bytes =
+        attribute->height * attribute->pitch_in_pixel * PixelFormatBpp(attribute->pixel_format);
+    group.is_occupied = true;
+
+    for (u32 i = 0; i < bufferNum; i++) {
+        const uintptr_t address = reinterpret_cast<uintptr_t>(addresses[i]);
+        port->buffer_slots[startIndex + i] = VideoOutBuffer{
+            .group_index = group_index,
+            .address_left = address,
+            .address_right = 0,
+        };
+
+        LOG_INFO(Lib_VideoOut, "buffers[{}] = {:#x}", i + startIndex, address);
+    }
+
+    return group_index;
+}
+
+int VideoOutDriver::UnregisterBuffers(VideoOutPort* port, s32 attributeIndex) {
+    if (attributeIndex >= MaxDisplayBufferGroups || !port->groups[attributeIndex].is_occupied) {
+        LOG_ERROR(Lib_VideoOut, "Invalid attribute index {}", attributeIndex);
+        return ORBIS_VIDEO_OUT_ERROR_INVALID_VALUE;
+    }
+
+    auto& group = port->groups[attributeIndex];
+    group.is_occupied = false;
+
+    for (auto& buffer : port->buffer_slots) {
+        if (buffer.group_index != attributeIndex) {
+            continue;
+        }
+        buffer.group_index = -1;
+    }
+
+    return ORBIS_OK;
+}
+
+void VideoOutDriver::Flip(std::chrono::microseconds timeout) {
+    Request req;
+    {
+        std::unique_lock lock{mutex};
+        submit_cond.wait_for(lock, timeout, [&] { return !requests.empty(); });
+        if (requests.empty()) {
+            return;
+        }
+
+        // Retrieve the request.
+        req = requests.front();
+        requests.pop();
+    }
+
+    // Present the frame.
+    renderer->Present(req.frame);
+
+    std::scoped_lock lock{mutex};
+
+    // Update flip status.
+    auto& flip_status = req.port->flip_status;
+    flip_status.count++;
+    flip_status.processTime = Libraries::Kernel::sceKernelGetProcessTime();
+    flip_status.tsc = Libraries::Kernel::sceKernelReadTsc();
+    flip_status.submitTsc = Libraries::Kernel::sceKernelReadTsc();
+    flip_status.flipArg = req.flip_arg;
+    flip_status.currentBuffer = req.index;
+    flip_status.flipPendingNum = static_cast<int>(requests.size());
+
+    // Trigger flip events for the port.
+    for (auto& event : req.port->flip_events) {
+        if (event != nullptr) {
+            event->triggerEvent(SCE_VIDEO_OUT_EVENT_FLIP, Kernel::EVFILT_VIDEO_OUT,
+                                reinterpret_cast<void*>(req.flip_arg));
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+bool VideoOutDriver::SubmitFlip(VideoOutPort* port, s32 index, s64 flip_arg) {
+    const auto& buffer = port->buffer_slots[index];
+    const auto& group = port->groups[buffer.group_index];
+    auto* frame = renderer->PrepareFrame(group, buffer.address_left);
+
+    std::scoped_lock lock{mutex};
+
+    if (requests.size() >= 2) {
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    requests.push({
+        .frame = frame,
+        .port = port,
+        .index = index,
+        .flip_arg = flip_arg,
+        .submit_tsc = Libraries::Kernel::sceKernelReadTsc(),
+    });
+
+    port->flip_status.flipPendingNum = static_cast<int>(requests.size());
+    port->flip_status.gcQueueNum = 0;
+    submit_cond.notify_one();
+
+    return true;
+}
+
+void VideoOutDriver::Vblank() {
+    std::scoped_lock lock{mutex};
+
+    auto& vblank_status = main_port.vblank_status;
+    vblank_status.count++;
+    vblank_status.processTime = Libraries::Kernel::sceKernelGetProcessTime();
+    vblank_status.tsc = Libraries::Kernel::sceKernelReadTsc();
+}
+
+} // namespace Libraries::VideoOut

src/core/libraries/videoout/driver.h

@@ -0,0 +1,82 @@
+// SPDX-FileCopyrightText: Copyright 2024 shadPS4 Emulator Project
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
+
+#pragma once
+
+#include <condition_variable>
+#include <mutex>
+#include <queue>
+#include "core/libraries/videoout/video_out.h"
+
+namespace Vulkan {
+struct Frame;
+class RendererVulkan;
+} // namespace Vulkan
+
+namespace Libraries::VideoOut {
+
+struct VideoOutPort {
+    bool is_open = false;
+    SceVideoOutResolutionStatus resolution;
+    std::array<VideoOutBuffer, MaxDisplayBuffers> buffer_slots;
+    std::array<BufferAttributeGroup, MaxDisplayBufferGroups> groups;
+    FlipStatus flip_status;
+    SceVideoOutVblankStatus vblank_status;
+    std::vector<Kernel::SceKernelEqueue> flip_events;
+    int flip_rate = 0;
+
+    s32 FindFreeGroup() const {
+        s32 index = 0;
+        while (index < groups.size() && groups[index].is_occupied) {
+            index++;
+        }
+        return index;
+    }
+};
+
+struct ServiceThreadParams {
+    u32 unknown;
+    bool set_priority;
+    u32 priority;
+    bool set_affinity;
+    u64 affinity;
+};
+
+class VideoOutDriver {
+public:
+    explicit VideoOutDriver(u32 width, u32 height);
+    ~VideoOutDriver();
+
+    int Open(const ServiceThreadParams* params);
+    void Close(s32 handle);
+
+    VideoOutPort* GetPort(s32 handle);
+
+    int RegisterBuffers(VideoOutPort* port, s32 startIndex, void* const* addresses, s32 bufferNum,
+                        const BufferAttribute* attribute);
+    int UnregisterBuffers(VideoOutPort* port, s32 attributeIndex);
+
+    void Flip(std::chrono::microseconds timeout);
+    bool SubmitFlip(VideoOutPort* port, s32 index, s64 flip_arg);
+
+    void Vblank();
+
+private:
+    struct Request {
+        Vulkan::Frame* frame;
+        VideoOutPort* port;
+        s32 index;
+        s64 flip_arg;
+        u64 submit_tsc;
+    };
+
+    std::mutex mutex;
+    VideoOutPort main_port{};
+    std::condition_variable_any submit_cond;
+    std::condition_variable done_cond;
+    std::queue<Request> requests;
+    std::unique_ptr<Vulkan::RendererVulkan> renderer;
+    bool is_neo{};
+};
+
+} // namespace Libraries::VideoOut

src/core/libraries/videoout/video_out.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,253 @@
+// SPDX-FileCopyrightText: Copyright 2024 shadPS4 Emulator Project
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
+
+#include "common/assert.h"
+#include "common/config.h"
+#include "common/logging/log.h"
+#include "core/libraries/error_codes.h"
+#include "core/libraries/libs.h"
+#include "core/libraries/system/userservice.h"
+#include "core/libraries/videoout/driver.h"
+#include "core/libraries/videoout/video_out.h"
+#include "core/loader/symbols_resolver.h"
+
+namespace Libraries::VideoOut {
+
+static std::unique_ptr<VideoOutDriver> driver;
+
+void PS4_SYSV_ABI sceVideoOutSetBufferAttribute(BufferAttribute* attribute, PixelFormat pixelFormat,
+                                                u32 tilingMode, u32 aspectRatio, u32 width,
+                                                u32 height, u32 pitchInPixel) {
+    LOG_INFO(Lib_VideoOut,
+             "pixelFormat = {}, tilingMode = {}, aspectRatio = {}, width = {}, height = {}, "
+             "pitchInPixel = {}",
+             GetPixelFormatString(pixelFormat), tilingMode, aspectRatio, width, height,
+             pitchInPixel);
+
+    std::memset(attribute, 0, sizeof(BufferAttribute));
+    attribute->pixel_format = static_cast<PixelFormat>(pixelFormat);
+    attribute->tiling_mode = static_cast<TilingMode>(tilingMode);
+    attribute->aspect_ratio = aspectRatio;
+    attribute->width = width;
+    attribute->height = height;
+    attribute->pitch_in_pixel = pitchInPixel;
+    attribute->option = SCE_VIDEO_OUT_BUFFER_ATTRIBUTE_OPTION_NONE;
+}
+
+s32 PS4_SYSV_ABI sceVideoOutAddFlipEvent(Kernel::SceKernelEqueue eq, s32 handle, void* udata) {
+    LOG_INFO(Lib_VideoOut, "handle = {}", handle);
+
+    auto* port = driver->GetPort(handle);
+    if (port == nullptr) {
+        return ORBIS_VIDEO_OUT_ERROR_INVALID_HANDLE;
+    }
+
+    if (eq == nullptr) {
+        return ORBIS_VIDEO_OUT_ERROR_INVALID_EVENT_QUEUE;
+    }
+
+    Kernel::EqueueEvent event{};
+    event.isTriggered = false;
+    event.event.ident = SCE_VIDEO_OUT_EVENT_FLIP;
+    event.event.filter = Kernel::EVFILT_VIDEO_OUT;
+    event.event.udata = udata;
+    event.event.fflags = 0;
+    event.event.data = 0;
+    event.filter.data = port;
+
+    port->flip_events.push_back(eq);
+    return eq->addEvent(event);
+}
+
+s32 PS4_SYSV_ABI sceVideoOutRegisterBuffers(s32 handle, s32 startIndex, void* const* addresses,
+                                            s32 bufferNum, const BufferAttribute* attribute) {
+    if (!addresses || !attribute) {
+        LOG_ERROR(Lib_VideoOut, "Addresses are null");
+        return ORBIS_VIDEO_OUT_ERROR_INVALID_ADDRESS;
+    }
+
+    auto* port = driver->GetPort(handle);
+    if (!port || !port->is_open) {
+        LOG_ERROR(Lib_VideoOut, "Invalid handle = {}", handle);
+        return ORBIS_VIDEO_OUT_ERROR_INVALID_HANDLE;
+    }
+
+    return driver->RegisterBuffers(port, startIndex, addresses, bufferNum, attribute);
+}
+
+s32 PS4_SYSV_ABI sceVideoOutSetFlipRate(s32 handle, s32 rate) {
+    LOG_INFO(Lib_VideoOut, "called");
+    driver->GetPort(handle)->flip_rate = rate;
+    return ORBIS_OK;
+}
+
+s32 PS4_SYSV_ABI sceVideoOutIsFlipPending(s32 handle) {
+    LOG_INFO(Lib_VideoOut, "called");
+    s32 pending = driver->GetPort(handle)->flip_status.flipPendingNum;
+    return pending;
+}
+
+s32 PS4_SYSV_ABI sceVideoOutSubmitFlip(s32 handle, s32 bufferIndex, s32 flipMode, s64 flipArg) {
+    auto* port = driver->GetPort(handle);
+    if (!port) {
+        LOG_ERROR(Lib_VideoOut, "Invalid handle = {}", handle);
+        return ORBIS_VIDEO_OUT_ERROR_INVALID_HANDLE;
+    }
+
+    if (flipMode != 1) {
+        LOG_WARNING(Lib_VideoOut, "flipmode = {}", flipMode);
+    }
+
+    ASSERT_MSG(bufferIndex != -1, "Blank output not supported");
+
+    if (bufferIndex < -1 || bufferIndex > 15) {
+        LOG_ERROR(Lib_VideoOut, "Invalid bufferIndex = {}", bufferIndex);
+        return ORBIS_VIDEO_OUT_ERROR_INVALID_INDEX;
+    }
+
+    if (port->buffer_slots[bufferIndex].group_index < 0) {
+        LOG_ERROR(Lib_VideoOut, "Slot in bufferIndex = {} is not registered", bufferIndex);
+        return ORBIS_VIDEO_OUT_ERROR_INVALID_INDEX;
+    }
+
+    LOG_INFO(Lib_VideoOut, "bufferIndex = {}, flipMode = {}, flipArg = {}", bufferIndex, flipMode,
+             flipArg);
+
+    if (!driver->SubmitFlip(port, bufferIndex, flipArg)) {
+        LOG_ERROR(Lib_VideoOut, "Flip queue is full");
+        return ORBIS_VIDEO_OUT_ERROR_FLIP_QUEUE_FULL;
+    }
+
+    return ORBIS_OK;
+}
+
+s32 PS4_SYSV_ABI sceVideoOutGetFlipStatus(s32 handle, FlipStatus* status) {
+    if (!status) {
+        LOG_ERROR(Lib_VideoOut, "Flip status is null");
+        return ORBIS_VIDEO_OUT_ERROR_INVALID_ADDRESS;
+    }
+
+    auto* port = driver->GetPort(handle);
+    if (!port) {
+        LOG_ERROR(Lib_VideoOut, "Invalid port handle = {}", handle);
+        return ORBIS_VIDEO_OUT_ERROR_INVALID_HANDLE;
+    }
+
+    *status = port->flip_status;
+
+    LOG_INFO(Lib_VideoOut,
+             "count = {}, processTime = {}, tsc = {}, submitTsc = {}, flipArg = {}, gcQueueNum = "
+             "{}, flipPendingNum = {}, currentBuffer = {}",
+             status->count, status->processTime, status->tsc, status->submitTsc, status->flipArg,
+             status->gcQueueNum, status->flipPendingNum, status->currentBuffer);
+
+    return ORBIS_OK;
+}
+
+s32 PS4_SYSV_ABI sceVideoOutGetVblankStatus(int handle, SceVideoOutVblankStatus* status) {
+    if (status == nullptr) {
+        return SCE_VIDEO_OUT_ERROR_INVALID_ADDRESS;
+    }
+
+    auto* port = driver->GetPort(handle);
+    if (!port) {
+        LOG_ERROR(Lib_VideoOut, "Invalid port handle = {}", handle);
+        return ORBIS_VIDEO_OUT_ERROR_INVALID_HANDLE;
+    }
+
+    *status = port->vblank_status;
+    return ORBIS_OK;
+}
+
+s32 PS4_SYSV_ABI sceVideoOutGetResolutionStatus(s32 handle, SceVideoOutResolutionStatus* status) {
+    LOG_INFO(Lib_VideoOut, "called");
+    *status = driver->GetPort(handle)->resolution;
+    return ORBIS_OK;
+}
+
+s32 PS4_SYSV_ABI sceVideoOutOpen(SceUserServiceUserId userId, s32 busType, s32 index,
+                                 const void* param) {
+    LOG_INFO(Lib_VideoOut, "called");
+    ASSERT(userId == UserService::ORBIS_USER_SERVICE_USER_ID_SYSTEM || userId == 0);
+    ASSERT(busType == SCE_VIDEO_OUT_BUS_TYPE_MAIN);
+    ASSERT(param == nullptr);
+
+    if (index != 0) {
+        LOG_ERROR(Lib_VideoOut, "Index != 0");
+        return ORBIS_VIDEO_OUT_ERROR_INVALID_VALUE;
+    }
+
+    auto* params = reinterpret_cast<const ServiceThreadParams*>(param);
+    int handle = driver->Open(params);
+
+    if (handle < 0) {
+        LOG_ERROR(Lib_VideoOut, "All available handles are open");
+        return ORBIS_VIDEO_OUT_ERROR_RESOURCE_BUSY;
+    }
+
+    return handle;
+}
+
+s32 PS4_SYSV_ABI sceVideoOutClose(s32 handle) {
+    driver->Close(handle);
+    return ORBIS_OK;
+}
+
+s32 PS4_SYSV_ABI sceVideoOutUnregisterBuffers(s32 handle, s32 attributeIndex) {
+    auto* port = driver->GetPort(handle);
+    if (!port || !port->is_open) {
+        return ORBIS_VIDEO_OUT_ERROR_INVALID_HANDLE;
+    }
+
+    return driver->UnregisterBuffers(port, attributeIndex);
+}
+
+void Flip(std::chrono::microseconds micros) {
+    return driver->Flip(micros);
+}
+
+void Vblank() {
+    return driver->Vblank();
+}
+
+void RegisterLib(Core::Loader::SymbolsResolver* sym) {
+    driver = std::make_unique<VideoOutDriver>(Config::getScreenWidth(), Config::getScreenHeight());
+
+    LIB_FUNCTION("SbU3dwp80lQ", "libSceVideoOut", 1, "libSceVideoOut", 0, 0,
+                 sceVideoOutGetFlipStatus);
+    LIB_FUNCTION("U46NwOiJpys", "libSceVideoOut", 1, "libSceVideoOut", 0, 0, sceVideoOutSubmitFlip);
+    LIB_FUNCTION("w3BY+tAEiQY", "libSceVideoOut", 1, "libSceVideoOut", 0, 0,
+                 sceVideoOutRegisterBuffers);
+    LIB_FUNCTION("HXzjK9yI30k", "libSceVideoOut", 1, "libSceVideoOut", 0, 0,
+                 sceVideoOutAddFlipEvent);
+    LIB_FUNCTION("CBiu4mCE1DA", "libSceVideoOut", 1, "libSceVideoOut", 0, 0,
+                 sceVideoOutSetFlipRate);
+    LIB_FUNCTION("i6-sR91Wt-4", "libSceVideoOut", 1, "libSceVideoOut", 0, 0,
+                 sceVideoOutSetBufferAttribute);
+    LIB_FUNCTION("6kPnj51T62Y", "libSceVideoOut", 1, "libSceVideoOut", 0, 0,
+                 sceVideoOutGetResolutionStatus);
+    LIB_FUNCTION("Up36PTk687E", "libSceVideoOut", 1, "libSceVideoOut", 0, 0, sceVideoOutOpen);
+    LIB_FUNCTION("zgXifHT9ErY", "libSceVideoOut", 1, "libSceVideoOut", 0, 0,
+                 sceVideoOutIsFlipPending);
+    LIB_FUNCTION("N5KDtkIjjJ4", "libSceVideoOut", 1, "libSceVideoOut", 0, 0,
+                 sceVideoOutUnregisterBuffers);
+    LIB_FUNCTION("uquVH4-Du78", "libSceVideoOut", 1, "libSceVideoOut", 0, 0, sceVideoOutClose);
+    LIB_FUNCTION("1FZBKy8HeNU", "libSceVideoOut", 1, "libSceVideoOut", 0, 0,
+                 sceVideoOutGetVblankStatus);
+
+    // openOrbis appears to have libSceVideoOut_v1 module libSceVideoOut_v1.1
+    LIB_FUNCTION("Up36PTk687E", "libSceVideoOut", 1, "libSceVideoOut", 1, 1, sceVideoOutOpen);
+    LIB_FUNCTION("CBiu4mCE1DA", "libSceVideoOut", 1, "libSceVideoOut", 1, 1,
+                 sceVideoOutSetFlipRate);
+    LIB_FUNCTION("HXzjK9yI30k", "libSceVideoOut", 1, "libSceVideoOut", 1, 1,
+                 sceVideoOutAddFlipEvent);
+    LIB_FUNCTION("i6-sR91Wt-4", "libSceVideoOut", 1, "libSceVideoOut", 1, 1,
+                 sceVideoOutSetBufferAttribute);
+    LIB_FUNCTION("w3BY+tAEiQY", "libSceVideoOut", 1, "libSceVideoOut", 1, 1,
+                 sceVideoOutRegisterBuffers);
+    LIB_FUNCTION("U46NwOiJpys", "libSceVideoOut", 1, "libSceVideoOut", 1, 1, sceVideoOutSubmitFlip);
+    LIB_FUNCTION("SbU3dwp80lQ", "libSceVideoOut", 1, "libSceVideoOut", 1, 1,
+                 sceVideoOutGetFlipStatus);
+}
+
+} // namespace Libraries::VideoOut

src/core/libraries/videoout/video_out.h

@@ -3,14 +3,14 @@
 
 #pragma once
 
-#include <string>
 #include "core/libraries/kernel/event_queues.h"
+#include "core/libraries/videoout/buffer.h"
 
 namespace Core::Loader {
 class SymbolsResolver;
 }
 
-namespace HLE::Libs::Graphics::VideoOut {
+namespace Libraries::VideoOut {
 
 using SceUserServiceUserId = s32; // TODO move it to proper place
 
@@ -46,35 +46,20 @@ enum SceVideoOutEventId : s16 {
     SCE_VIDEO_OUT_EVENT_PRE_VBLANK_START = 2
 };
 
-enum SceVideoOutTilingMode : s32 {
+enum AspectRatioMode : s32 {
-    SCE_VIDEO_OUT_TILING_MODE_TILE = 0,
+    SCE_VIDEO_OUT_ASPECT_RATIO_16_9 = 0,
-    SCE_VIDEO_OUT_TILING_MODE_LINEAR = 1
 };
 
-enum AspectRatioMode : s32 { SCE_VIDEO_OUT_ASPECT_RATIO_16_9 = 0 };
+struct FlipStatus {
-
-struct SceVideoOutBufferAttribute {
-    s32 pixelFormat;
-    s32 tilingMode;
-    s32 aspectRatio;
-    u32 width;
-    u32 height;
-    u32 pitchInPixel;
-    u32 option;
-    u32 reserved0;
-    u64 reserved1;
-};
-
-struct SceVideoOutFlipStatus {
     u64 count = 0;
     u64 processTime = 0;
     u64 tsc = 0;
-    s64 flipArg = 0;
+    s64 flipArg = -1;
     u64 submitTsc = 0;
     u64 reserved0 = 0;
     s32 gcQueueNum = 0;
     s32 flipPendingNum = 0;
-    s32 currentBuffer = 0;
+    s32 currentBuffer = -1;
     u32 reserved1 = 0;
 };
 
@@ -99,34 +84,24 @@ struct SceVideoOutVblankStatus {
     u8 pad1[7] = {};
 };
 
-struct VideoOutBufferSetInternal {
+void PS4_SYSV_ABI sceVideoOutSetBufferAttribute(BufferAttribute* attribute, PixelFormat pixelFormat,
-    SceVideoOutBufferAttribute attr;
+                                                u32 tilingMode, u32 aspectRatio, u32 width,
-    int start_index = 0;
+                                                u32 height, u32 pitchInPixel);
-    int num = 0;
+s32 PS4_SYSV_ABI sceVideoOutAddFlipEvent(Kernel::SceKernelEqueue eq, s32 handle, void* udata);
-    int set_id = 0;
-};
-
-void videoOutInit(u32 width, u32 height);
-std::string getPixelFormatString(s32 format);
-void videoOutRegisterLib(Core::Loader::SymbolsResolver* sym);
-bool videoOutFlip(u32 micros);
-void VideoOutVblank();
-
-void PS4_SYSV_ABI sceVideoOutSetBufferAttribute(SceVideoOutBufferAttribute* attribute,
-                                                u32 pixelFormat, u32 tilingMode, u32 aspectRatio,
-                                                u32 width, u32 height, u32 pitchInPixel);
-s32 PS4_SYSV_ABI sceVideoOutAddFlipEvent(Libraries::Kernel::SceKernelEqueue eq, s32 handle,
-                                         void* udata);
 s32 PS4_SYSV_ABI sceVideoOutRegisterBuffers(s32 handle, s32 startIndex, void* const* addresses,
-                                            s32 bufferNum,
+                                            s32 bufferNum, const BufferAttribute* attribute);
-                                            const SceVideoOutBufferAttribute* attribute);
 s32 PS4_SYSV_ABI sceVideoOutSetFlipRate(s32 handle, s32 rate);
 s32 PS4_SYSV_ABI sceVideoOutIsFlipPending(s32 handle);
 s32 PS4_SYSV_ABI sceVideoOutSubmitFlip(s32 handle, s32 bufferIndex, s32 flipMode, s64 flipArg);
-s32 PS4_SYSV_ABI sceVideoOutGetFlipStatus(s32 handle, SceVideoOutFlipStatus* status);
+s32 PS4_SYSV_ABI sceVideoOutGetFlipStatus(s32 handle, FlipStatus* status);
 s32 PS4_SYSV_ABI sceVideoOutGetResolutionStatus(s32 handle, SceVideoOutResolutionStatus* status);
 s32 PS4_SYSV_ABI sceVideoOutOpen(SceUserServiceUserId userId, s32 busType, s32 index,
                                  const void* param);
 s32 PS4_SYSV_ABI sceVideoOutClose(s32 handle);
 
-} // namespace HLE::Libs::Graphics::VideoOut
+void Flip(std::chrono::microseconds micros);
+void Vblank();
+
+void RegisterLib(Core::Loader::SymbolsResolver* sym);
+
+} // namespace Libraries::VideoOut

src/emulator.cpp

@@ -1,353 +0,0 @@
-// SPDX-FileCopyrightText: Copyright 2024 shadPS4 Emulator Project
-// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
-
-#include <fmt/core.h>
-#include "common/singleton.h"
-#include "common/version.h"
-#include "core/PS4/HLE/Graphics/graphics_render.h"
-#include "core/PS4/HLE/Graphics/video_out.h"
-#include "core/libraries/pad/pad.h"
-#include "emulator.h"
-#include "input/controller.h"
-#include "vulkan_util.h"
-
-namespace Emu {
-
-bool m_emu_needs_exit = false;
-bool m_game_is_paused = {false};
-double m_current_time_seconds = {0.0};
-double m_previous_time_seconds = {0.0};
-int m_update_num = {0};
-int m_frame_num = {0};
-double m_update_time_seconds = {0.0};
-double m_current_fps = {0.0};
-int m_max_updates_per_frame = {4};
-double m_update_fixed_time = 1.0 / 60.0;
-int m_fps_frames_num = {0};
-double m_fps_start_time = {0};
-
-void emuInit(u32 width, u32 height) {
-    auto window_ctx = Common::Singleton<Emu::WindowCtx>::Instance();
-    window_ctx->m_graphic_ctx.screen_width = width;
-    window_ctx->m_graphic_ctx.screen_height = height;
-}
-
-void checkAndWaitForGraphicsInit() {
-    auto window_ctx = Common::Singleton<Emu::WindowCtx>::Instance();
-    std::unique_lock lock{window_ctx->m_mutex};
-
-    while (!window_ctx->m_is_graphic_initialized) {
-        window_ctx->m_graphic_initialized_cond.wait(lock);
-    }
-}
-static void CreateSdlWindow(WindowCtx* ctx) {
-    int width = static_cast<int>(ctx->m_graphic_ctx.screen_width);
-    int height = static_cast<int>(ctx->m_graphic_ctx.screen_height);
-
-    if (SDL_Init(SDL_INIT_VIDEO) < 0) {
-        fmt::print("{}\n", SDL_GetError());
-        std::exit(0);
-    }
-    std::string title = "shadps4 v" + std::string(Common::VERSION);
-    SDL_PropertiesID props = SDL_CreateProperties();
-    SDL_SetStringProperty(props, SDL_PROP_WINDOW_CREATE_TITLE_STRING, title.c_str());
-    SDL_SetNumberProperty(props, SDL_PROP_WINDOW_CREATE_X_NUMBER, SDL_WINDOWPOS_CENTERED);
-    SDL_SetNumberProperty(props, SDL_PROP_WINDOW_CREATE_Y_NUMBER, SDL_WINDOWPOS_CENTERED);
-    SDL_SetNumberProperty(props, SDL_PROP_WINDOW_CREATE_WIDTH_NUMBER, width);
-    SDL_SetNumberProperty(props, SDL_PROP_WINDOW_CREATE_HEIGHT_NUMBER, height);
-    SDL_SetNumberProperty(
-        props, "flags",
-        (static_cast<uint32_t>(SDL_WINDOW_HIDDEN) | static_cast<uint32_t>(SDL_WINDOW_VULKAN)));
-    ctx->m_window = SDL_CreateWindowWithProperties(props);
-    SDL_DestroyProperties(props);
-
-    ctx->is_window_hidden =
-        true; // hide window until we need to show something (should draw something in buffers)
-
-    if (ctx->m_window == nullptr) {
-        fmt::print("{}\n", SDL_GetError());
-        std::exit(0);
-    }
-
-    SDL_SetWindowResizable(ctx->m_window, SDL_FALSE); // we don't support resizable atm
-}
-static void update() {
-    static double lag = 0.0;
-
-    lag += m_current_time_seconds - m_previous_time_seconds;
-
-    int num = 0;
-
-    while (lag >= m_update_fixed_time) {
-        if (num < m_max_updates_per_frame) {
-            m_update_num++;
-            num++;
-            m_update_time_seconds = m_update_num * m_update_fixed_time;
-        }
-
-        lag -= m_update_fixed_time;
-    }
-}
-static void calculateFps(double game_time_s) {
-    m_previous_time_seconds = m_current_time_seconds;
-    m_current_time_seconds = game_time_s;
-
-    m_frame_num++;
-
-    m_fps_frames_num++;
-    if (m_current_time_seconds - m_fps_start_time > 0.25f) {
-        m_current_fps =
-            static_cast<double>(m_fps_frames_num) / (m_current_time_seconds - m_fps_start_time);
-        m_fps_frames_num = 0;
-        m_fps_start_time = m_current_time_seconds;
-    }
-}
-void emuRun() {
-    auto window_ctx = Common::Singleton<Emu::WindowCtx>::Instance();
-    {
-        // init window and wait until init finishes
-        std::scoped_lock lock{window_ctx->m_mutex};
-        CreateSdlWindow(window_ctx);
-        Graphics::Vulkan::vulkanCreate(window_ctx);
-        window_ctx->m_is_graphic_initialized = true;
-        window_ctx->m_graphic_initialized_cond.notify_one();
-        calculateFps(0); // TODO: Proper fps
-    }
-
-    bool exit_loop = false;
-
-    for (;;) {
-        if (exit_loop) {
-            break;
-        }
-
-        SDL_Event event;
-        if (SDL_PollEvent(&event) != 0) {
-            switch (event.type) {
-            case SDL_EVENT_QUIT:
-                m_emu_needs_exit = true;
-                break;
-
-            case SDL_EVENT_TERMINATING:
-                m_emu_needs_exit = true;
-                break;
-
-            case SDL_EVENT_WILL_ENTER_BACKGROUND:
-                break;
-
-            case SDL_EVENT_DID_ENTER_BACKGROUND:
-                break;
-
-            case SDL_EVENT_WILL_ENTER_FOREGROUND:
-                break;
-
-            case SDL_EVENT_DID_ENTER_FOREGROUND:
-                break;
-
-            case SDL_EVENT_KEY_DOWN:
-            case SDL_EVENT_KEY_UP:
-                if (event.type == SDL_EVENT_KEY_DOWN) {
-                    if (event.key.keysym.sym == SDLK_p) {
-                        m_game_is_paused = !m_game_is_paused;
-                    }
-                }
-                keyboardEvent(&event);
-                break;
-            }
-            continue;
-        }
-        if (m_game_is_paused) {
-            SDL_WaitEvent(&event);
-
-            switch (event.type) {
-            case SDL_EVENT_QUIT:
-                m_emu_needs_exit = true;
-                break;
-
-            case SDL_EVENT_TERMINATING:
-                m_emu_needs_exit = true;
-                break;
-
-            case SDL_EVENT_WILL_ENTER_BACKGROUND:
-                break;
-
-            case SDL_EVENT_DID_ENTER_BACKGROUND:
-                break;
-
-            case SDL_EVENT_WILL_ENTER_FOREGROUND:
-                break;
-
-            case SDL_EVENT_DID_ENTER_FOREGROUND:
-                break;
-
-            case SDL_EVENT_KEY_DOWN:
-            case SDL_EVENT_KEY_UP:
-                if (event.type == SDL_EVENT_KEY_DOWN) {
-                    if (event.key.keysym.sym == SDLK_p) {
-                        m_game_is_paused = !m_game_is_paused;
-                    }
-                }
-                keyboardEvent(&event);
-                break;
-            }
-            exit_loop = m_emu_needs_exit;
-            continue;
-        }
-        exit_loop = m_emu_needs_exit;
-        if (!m_game_is_paused) {
-            if (!exit_loop) {
-                update();
-            }
-            if (!exit_loop) {
-                if (HLE::Libs::Graphics::VideoOut::videoOutFlip(100000)) { // flip every 0.1 sec
-                    calculateFps(0);                                       // TODO: Proper fps
-                }
-            }
-            HLE::Libs::Graphics::VideoOut::VideoOutVblank();
-        }
-    }
-}
-
-HLE::Libs::Graphics::GraphicCtx* getGraphicCtx() {
-    auto window_ctx = Common::Singleton<Emu::WindowCtx>::Instance();
-    std::scoped_lock lock{window_ctx->m_mutex};
-    return &window_ctx->m_graphic_ctx;
-}
-
-void updateSDLTitle() {
-    const auto title = fmt::format("shadps4 v {} FPS: {}", Common::VERSION, m_current_fps);
-    auto window_ctx = Common::Singleton<Emu::WindowCtx>::Instance();
-    SDL_SetWindowTitle(window_ctx->m_window, title.c_str());
-}
-
-void DrawBuffer(HLE::Libs::Graphics::VideoOutVulkanImage* image) {
-    auto window_ctx = Common::Singleton<Emu::WindowCtx>::Instance();
-    if (window_ctx->is_window_hidden) {
-        SDL_ShowWindow(window_ctx->m_window);
-        window_ctx->is_window_hidden = false;
-    }
-
-    window_ctx->swapchain.current_index = static_cast<u32>(-1);
-
-    auto result = vkAcquireNextImageKHR(window_ctx->m_graphic_ctx.m_device,
-                                        window_ctx->swapchain.swapchain, UINT64_MAX, nullptr,
-                                        VK_NULL_HANDLE, &window_ctx->swapchain.current_index);
-
-    if (result != VK_SUCCESS) {
-        fmt::print("Can't aquireNextImage\n");
-        std::exit(0);
-    }
-    if (window_ctx->swapchain.current_index == static_cast<u32>(-1)) {
-        fmt::print("Unsupported:swapchain current index is -1\n");
-        std::exit(0);
-    }
-
-    auto blt_src_image = image;
-    auto blt_dst_image = window_ctx->swapchain;
-
-    if (blt_src_image == nullptr) {
-        fmt::print("blt_src_image is null\n");
-        std::exit(0);
-    }
-
-    GPU::CommandBuffer buffer(10);
-
-    auto* vk_buffer = buffer.getPool()->buffers[buffer.getIndex()];
-
-    buffer.begin();
-
-    Graphics::Vulkan::vulkanBlitImage(&buffer, blt_src_image, &blt_dst_image);
-
-    VkImageMemoryBarrier pre_present_barrier{};
-    pre_present_barrier.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_IMAGE_MEMORY_BARRIER;
-    pre_present_barrier.pNext = nullptr;
-    pre_present_barrier.srcAccessMask = VK_ACCESS_TRANSFER_WRITE_BIT;
-    pre_present_barrier.dstAccessMask = VK_ACCESS_MEMORY_READ_BIT;
-    pre_present_barrier.oldLayout = VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_TRANSFER_DST_OPTIMAL;
-    pre_present_barrier.newLayout = VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_PRESENT_SRC_KHR;
-    pre_present_barrier.srcQueueFamilyIndex = VK_QUEUE_FAMILY_IGNORED;
-    pre_present_barrier.dstQueueFamilyIndex = VK_QUEUE_FAMILY_IGNORED;
-    pre_present_barrier.subresourceRange.aspectMask = VK_IMAGE_ASPECT_COLOR_BIT;
-    pre_present_barrier.subresourceRange.baseMipLevel = 0;
-    pre_present_barrier.subresourceRange.levelCount = 1;
-    pre_present_barrier.subresourceRange.baseArrayLayer = 0;
-    pre_present_barrier.subresourceRange.layerCount = 1;
-    pre_present_barrier.image =
-        window_ctx->swapchain.swapchain_images[window_ctx->swapchain.current_index];
-    vkCmdPipelineBarrier(vk_buffer, VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_ALL_COMMANDS_BIT,
-                         VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_BOTTOM_OF_PIPE_BIT, 0, 0, nullptr, 0, nullptr, 1,
-                         &pre_present_barrier);
-
-    buffer.end();
-    buffer.executeWithSemaphore();
-    buffer.waitForFence(); // HACK: The whole vulkan backend needs a rewrite
-
-    VkPresentInfoKHR present{};
-    present.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_PRESENT_INFO_KHR;
-    present.pNext = nullptr;
-    present.swapchainCount = 1;
-    present.pSwapchains = &window_ctx->swapchain.swapchain;
-    present.pImageIndices = &window_ctx->swapchain.current_index;
-    present.pWaitSemaphores = &buffer.getPool()->semaphores[buffer.getIndex()];
-    present.waitSemaphoreCount = 1;
-    present.pResults = nullptr;
-
-    const auto& queue = window_ctx->m_graphic_ctx.queues[10];
-
-    if (queue.mutex != nullptr) {
-        fmt::print("queue.mutexe is null\n");
-        std::exit(0);
-    }
-
-    result = vkQueuePresentKHR(queue.vk_queue, &present);
-    if (result != VK_SUCCESS) {
-        fmt::print("vkQueuePresentKHR failed\n");
-        std::exit(0);
-    }
-    updateSDLTitle();
-}
-
-void keyboardEvent(SDL_Event* event) {
-    using Libraries::LibPad::ScePadButton;
-
-    if (event->type == SDL_EVENT_KEY_DOWN || event->type == SDL_EVENT_KEY_UP) {
-        u32 button = 0;
-        switch (event->key.keysym.sym) {
-        case SDLK_UP:
-            button = ScePadButton::UP;
-            break;
-        case SDLK_DOWN:
-            button = ScePadButton::DOWN;
-            break;
-        case SDLK_LEFT:
-            button = ScePadButton::LEFT;
-            break;
-        case SDLK_RIGHT:
-            button = ScePadButton::RIGHT;
-            break;
-        case SDLK_KP_8:
-            button = ScePadButton ::TRIANGLE;
-            break;
-        case SDLK_KP_6:
-            button = ScePadButton ::CIRCLE;
-            break;
-        case SDLK_KP_2:
-            button = ScePadButton ::CROSS;
-            break;
-        case SDLK_KP_4:
-            button = ScePadButton ::SQUARE;
-            break;
-        case SDLK_RETURN:
-            button = ScePadButton ::OPTIONS;
-            break;
-        default:
-            break;
-        }
-        if (button != 0) {
-            auto* controller = Common::Singleton<Input::GameController>::Instance();
-            controller->checKButton(0, button, event->type == SDL_EVENT_KEY_DOWN);
-        }
-    }
-}
-
-} // namespace Emu

src/emulator.h

@@ -1,92 +0,0 @@
-// SPDX-FileCopyrightText: Copyright 2024 shadPS4 Emulator Project
-// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
-
-#pragma once
-
-#include <SDL.h>
-#include <core/PS4/HLE/Graphics/graphics_ctx.h>
-
-#include <condition_variable>
-#include <mutex>
-#include <vector>
-
-namespace Emu {
-
-struct VulkanExt {
-    bool enable_validation_layers = false;
-
-    char const* const* required_extensions;
-    u32 required_extensions_count;
-    std::vector<VkExtensionProperties> available_extensions;
-    std::vector<const char*> required_layers;
-    std::vector<VkLayerProperties> available_layers;
-};
-
-struct VulkanSurfaceCapabilities {
-    VkSurfaceCapabilitiesKHR capabilities{};
-    std::vector<VkSurfaceFormatKHR> formats;
-    std::vector<VkPresentModeKHR> present_modes;
-    bool is_format_srgb_bgra32 = false;
-    bool is_format_unorm_bgra32 = false;
-};
-
-struct VulkanQueueInfo {
-    u32 family = 0;
-    u32 index = 0;
-    bool is_graphics = false;
-    bool is_compute = false;
-    bool is_transfer = false;
-    bool is_present = false;
-};
-
-struct VulkanQueues {
-    u32 family_count = 0;
-    std::vector<VulkanQueueInfo> available;
-    std::vector<VulkanQueueInfo> graphics;
-    std::vector<VulkanQueueInfo> compute;
-    std::vector<VulkanQueueInfo> transfer;
-    std::vector<VulkanQueueInfo> present;
-    std::vector<u32> family_used;
-};
-
-struct VulkanSwapchain {
-    VkSwapchainKHR swapchain = nullptr;
-    VkFormat swapchain_format = VK_FORMAT_UNDEFINED;
-    VkExtent2D swapchain_extent = {};
-    std::vector<VkImage> swapchain_images;
-    std::vector<VkImageView> swapchain_image_views;
-    u32 swapchain_images_count = 0;
-    VkSemaphore present_complete_semaphore = nullptr;
-    VkFence present_complete_fence = nullptr;
-    u32 current_index = 0;
-};
-
-struct WindowCtx {
-    HLE::Libs::Graphics::GraphicCtx m_graphic_ctx;
-    std::mutex m_mutex;
-    bool m_is_graphic_initialized = false;
-    std::condition_variable m_graphic_initialized_cond;
-    SDL_Window* m_window = nullptr;
-    bool is_window_hidden = true;
-    VkSurfaceKHR m_surface = nullptr;
-    VulkanSurfaceCapabilities m_surface_capabilities;
-    VulkanSwapchain swapchain;
-};
-
-struct EmuPrivate {
-    EmuPrivate() = default;
-    std::mutex m_mutex;
-    HLE::Libs::Graphics::GraphicCtx* m_graphic_ctx = nullptr;
-    void* data1 = nullptr;
-    void* data2 = nullptr;
-    u32 m_screen_width = {0};
-    u32 m_screen_height = {0};
-};
-
-void emuInit(u32 width, u32 height);
-void emuRun();
-void checkAndWaitForGraphicsInit();
-HLE::Libs::Graphics::GraphicCtx* getGraphicCtx();
-void DrawBuffer(HLE::Libs::Graphics::VideoOutVulkanImage* image);
-void keyboardEvent(SDL_Event* event);
-} // namespace Emu

src/input/controller.cpp

@@ -74,7 +74,7 @@ void GameController::addState(const State& state) {
     m_states_num++;
 }
 
-void GameController::checKButton(int id, u32 button, bool isPressed) {
+void GameController::checkButton(int id, u32 button, bool isPressed) {
     std::scoped_lock lock{m_mutex};
     auto state = getLastState();
     state.time = Libraries::Kernel::sceKernelGetProcessTime();

src/input/controller.h

@@ -23,7 +23,7 @@ public:
     void readState(State* state, bool* isConnected, int* connectedCount);
     int ReadStates(State* states, int states_num, bool* isConnected, int* connectedCount);
     State getLastState() const;
-    void checKButton(int id, u32 button, bool isPressed);
+    void checkButton(int id, u32 button, bool isPressed);
     void addState(const State& state);
 
 private:

src/main.cpp

@@ -12,14 +12,17 @@
 #include "common/logging/log.h"
 #include "common/path_util.h"
 #include "common/singleton.h"
-#include "core/PS4/HLE/Graphics/video_out.h"
 #include "core/file_sys/fs.h"
 #include "core/libraries/kernel/thread_management.h"
 #include "core/libraries/libc/libc.h"
 #include "core/libraries/libs.h"
+#include "core/libraries/videoout/video_out.h"
 #include "core/linker.h"
 #include "core/tls.h"
-#include "emulator.h"
+#include "input/controller.h"
+#include "sdl_window.h"
+
+Frontend::WindowSDL* g_window;
 
 int main(int argc, char* argv[]) {
     if (argc == 1) {
@@ -31,10 +34,12 @@ int main(int argc, char* argv[]) {
     Common::Log::Initialize();
     Common::Log::Start();
     Libraries::Kernel::init_pthreads();
-    auto width = Config::getScreenWidth();
+    s32 width = Config::getScreenWidth();
-    auto height = Config::getScreenHeight();
+    s32 height = Config::getScreenHeight();
-    Emu::emuInit(width, height);
+
-    HLE::Libs::Graphics::VideoOut::videoOutInit(width, height);
+    auto* controller = Common::Singleton<Input::GameController>::Instance();
+    Frontend::WindowSDL window{width, height, controller};
+    g_window = &window;
 
     // Argument 1 is the path of self file to boot
     const char* const path = argv[1];
@@ -47,7 +52,8 @@ int main(int argc, char* argv[]) {
     Libraries::InitHLELibs(&linker->getHLESymbols());
     Core::InstallTlsHandler();
     linker->LoadModule(path);
-    // check if there is a libc.prx in sce_module folder
+
+    // Check if there is a libc.prx in sce_module folder
     bool found = false;
     if (Config::isLleLibc()) {
         std::filesystem::path sce_module_folder = p.parent_path() / "sce_module";
@@ -62,16 +68,21 @@ int main(int argc, char* argv[]) {
             }
         }
     }
-    if (!found) // load HLE libc
+    if (!found) {
-    {
+        Libraries::LibC::libcSymbolsRegister(&linker->getHLESymbols());
-        Core::Libraries::LibC::libcSymbolsRegister(&linker->getHLESymbols());
     }
-    std::jthread mainthread([linker](std::stop_token stop_token, void*) { linker->Execute(); },
+    std::thread mainthread([linker]() { linker->Execute(); });
-                            nullptr);
     Discord::RPC discordRPC;
     discordRPC.init();
     discordRPC.update(Discord::RPCStatus::Idling, "");
-    Emu::emuRun();
+
+    static constexpr std::chrono::microseconds FlipPeriod{100000};
+
+    while (window.isOpen()) {
+        window.waitEvent();
+        Libraries::VideoOut::Flip(FlipPeriod);
+        Libraries::VideoOut::Vblank();
+    }
 
     discordRPC.stop();
     return 0;

src/qt_gui/main.cpp

@@ -6,6 +6,9 @@
 #include "qt_gui/game_install_dialog.h"
 #include "qt_gui/gui_settings.h"
 #include "qt_gui/main_window.h"
+#include "src/sdl_window.h"
+
+Frontend::WindowSDL* g_window;
 
 int main(int argc, char* argv[]) {
     QApplication a(argc, argv);

src/sdl_window.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,135 @@
+// SPDX-FileCopyrightText: Copyright 2024 shadPS4 Emulator Project
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
+
+#include <SDL.h>
+
+#include "common/assert.h"
+#include "common/version.h"
+#include "core/libraries/pad/pad.h"
+#include "input/controller.h"
+#include "sdl_window.h"
+
+namespace Frontend {
+
+WindowSDL::WindowSDL(s32 width_, s32 height_, Input::GameController* controller_)
+    : width{width_}, height{height_}, controller{controller_} {
+    if (SDL_Init(SDL_INIT_VIDEO) < 0) {
+        UNREACHABLE_MSG("Failed to initialize SDL video subsystem: {}", SDL_GetError());
+    }
+
+    const std::string title = "shadps4 v" + std::string(Common::VERSION);
+    SDL_PropertiesID props = SDL_CreateProperties();
+    SDL_SetStringProperty(props, SDL_PROP_WINDOW_CREATE_TITLE_STRING, title.c_str());
+    SDL_SetNumberProperty(props, SDL_PROP_WINDOW_CREATE_X_NUMBER, SDL_WINDOWPOS_CENTERED);
+    SDL_SetNumberProperty(props, SDL_PROP_WINDOW_CREATE_Y_NUMBER, SDL_WINDOWPOS_CENTERED);
+    SDL_SetNumberProperty(props, SDL_PROP_WINDOW_CREATE_WIDTH_NUMBER, width);
+    SDL_SetNumberProperty(props, SDL_PROP_WINDOW_CREATE_HEIGHT_NUMBER, height);
+    SDL_SetNumberProperty(props, "flags", SDL_WINDOW_VULKAN);
+    window = SDL_CreateWindowWithProperties(props);
+    SDL_DestroyProperties(props);
+    if (window == nullptr) {
+        UNREACHABLE_MSG("Failed to create window handle: {}", SDL_GetError());
+    }
+
+    // We don't support resizable at the moment.
+    SDL_SetWindowResizable(window, SDL_FALSE);
+
+#if defined(SDL_PLATFORM_WIN32)
+    window_info.type = WindowSystemType::Windows;
+    window_info.render_surface =
+        SDL_GetProperty(SDL_GetWindowProperties(window), SDL_PROP_WINDOW_WIN32_HWND_POINTER, NULL);
+#elif defined(SDL_PLATFORM_LINUX)
+    if (SDL_strcmp(SDL_GetCurrentVideoDriver(), "x11") == 0) {
+        window_info.type = WindowSystemType::X11;
+        window_info.display_connection = SDL_GetProperty(SDL_GetWindowProperties(window),
+                                                         SDL_PROP_WINDOW_X11_DISPLAY_POINTER, NULL);
+        window_info.render_surface = (void*)SDL_GetNumberProperty(
+            SDL_GetWindowProperties(window), SDL_PROP_WINDOW_X11_WINDOW_NUMBER, 0);
+    } else if (SDL_strcmp(SDL_GetCurrentVideoDriver(), "wayland") == 0) {
+        window_info.type = WindowSystemType::Wayland;
+        window_info.display_connection = SDL_GetProperty(
+            SDL_GetWindowProperties(window), SDL_PROP_WINDOW_WAYLAND_DISPLAY_POINTER, NULL);
+        window_info.render_surface = SDL_GetProperty(SDL_GetWindowProperties(window),
+                                                     SDL_PROP_WINDOW_WAYLAND_SURFACE_POINTER, NULL);
+    }
+#endif
+}
+
+WindowSDL::~WindowSDL() = default;
+
+void WindowSDL::waitEvent() {
+    // Called on main thread
+    SDL_Event event;
+
+    if (!SDL_PollEvent(&event)) {
+        return;
+    }
+
+    switch (event.type) {
+    case SDL_EVENT_WINDOW_RESIZED:
+    case SDL_EVENT_WINDOW_MAXIMIZED:
+    case SDL_EVENT_WINDOW_RESTORED:
+        onResize();
+        break;
+    case SDL_EVENT_WINDOW_MINIMIZED:
+    case SDL_EVENT_WINDOW_EXPOSED:
+        is_shown = event.type == SDL_EVENT_WINDOW_EXPOSED;
+        onResize();
+        break;
+    case SDL_EVENT_KEY_DOWN:
+    case SDL_EVENT_KEY_UP:
+        onKeyPress(&event);
+        break;
+    case SDL_EVENT_QUIT:
+        is_open = false;
+        break;
+    default:
+        break;
+    }
+}
+
+void WindowSDL::onResize() {
+    SDL_GetWindowSizeInPixels(window, &width, &height);
+}
+
+void WindowSDL::onKeyPress(const SDL_Event* event) {
+    using Libraries::LibPad::ScePadButton;
+
+    u32 button = 0;
+    switch (event->key.keysym.sym) {
+    case SDLK_UP:
+        button = ScePadButton::UP;
+        break;
+    case SDLK_DOWN:
+        button = ScePadButton::DOWN;
+        break;
+    case SDLK_LEFT:
+        button = ScePadButton::LEFT;
+        break;
+    case SDLK_RIGHT:
+        button = ScePadButton::RIGHT;
+        break;
+    case SDLK_KP_8:
+        button = ScePadButton::TRIANGLE;
+        break;
+    case SDLK_KP_6:
+        button = ScePadButton::CIRCLE;
+        break;
+    case SDLK_KP_2:
+        button = ScePadButton::CROSS;
+        break;
+    case SDLK_KP_4:
+        button = ScePadButton::SQUARE;
+        break;
+    case SDLK_RETURN:
+        button = ScePadButton::OPTIONS;
+        break;
+    default:
+        break;
+    }
+    if (button != 0) {
+        controller->checkButton(0, button, event->type == SDL_EVENT_KEY_DOWN);
+    }
+}
+
+} // namespace Frontend

src/sdl_window.h

@@ -0,0 +1,77 @@
+// SPDX-FileCopyrightText: Copyright 2024 shadPS4 Emulator Project
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
+
+#pragma once
+
+#include "common/types.h"
+
+struct SDL_Window;
+union SDL_Event;
+
+namespace Input {
+class GameController;
+}
+
+namespace Frontend {
+
+enum class WindowSystemType : u8 {
+    Headless,
+    Windows,
+    X11,
+    Wayland,
+};
+
+struct WindowSystemInfo {
+    // Window system type. Determines which GL context or Vulkan WSI is used.
+    WindowSystemType type = WindowSystemType::Headless;
+
+    // Connection to a display server. This is used on X11 and Wayland platforms.
+    void* display_connection = nullptr;
+
+    // Render surface. This is a pointer to the native window handle, which depends
+    // on the platform. e.g. HWND for Windows, Window for X11. If the surface is
+    // set to nullptr, the video backend will run in headless mode.
+    void* render_surface = nullptr;
+
+    // Scale of the render surface. For hidpi systems, this will be >1.
+    float render_surface_scale = 1.0f;
+};
+
+class WindowSDL {
+public:
+    explicit WindowSDL(s32 width, s32 height, Input::GameController* controller);
+    ~WindowSDL();
+
+    s32 getWidth() const {
+        return width;
+    }
+
+    s32 getHeight() const {
+        return height;
+    }
+
+    bool isOpen() const {
+        return is_open;
+    }
+
+    WindowSystemInfo getWindowInfo() const {
+        return window_info;
+    }
+
+    void waitEvent();
+
+private:
+    void onResize();
+    void onKeyPress(const SDL_Event* event);
+
+private:
+    s32 width;
+    s32 height;
+    Input::GameController* controller;
+    WindowSystemInfo window_info{};
+    SDL_Window* window{};
+    bool is_shown{};
+    bool is_open{true};
+};
+
+} // namespace Frontend

src/video_core/pixel_format.h

@@ -0,0 +1,86 @@
+// SPDX-FileCopyrightText: Copyright 2024 shadPS4 Emulator Project
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
+
+#pragma once
+
+#include <climits>
+#include <utility>
+#include "common/types.h"
+
+namespace VideoCore {
+
+// Based on Table 8.13 Data and Image Formats in Sea Islands Series Instruction Set Architecture
+enum class PixelFormat : u32 {
+    Invalid,
+    R32G32B32A32_Float,
+    B32G32R32A32_Float,
+    R32G32B32X32_Float,
+    B32G32R32X32_Float,
+    R32G32B32A32_Uint,
+    R32G32B32A32_Sint,
+    R32G32B32_Float,
+    R32G32B32_Uint,
+    R32G32B32_Sint,
+    R16G16B16A16_Float,
+    R16G16B16X16_Float,
+    B16G16R16X16_Float,
+    R16G16B16A16_Uint,
+    R16G16B16A16_Sint,
+    R16G16B16A16_Unorm,
+    B16G16R16A16_Unorm,
+    R16G16B16X16_Unorm,
+    B16G16R16X16_Unorm,
+    R16G16B16A16_Snorm,
+    L32A32_Float,
+    R32G32_Float,
+    R32G32_Uint,
+    R32G32_Sint,
+    R11G11B10_Float,
+    R8G8B8A8_Unorm,
+    R8G8B8X8_Unorm,
+    R8G8B8A8_UnormSrgb,
+    R8G8B8X8_UnormSrgb,
+    R8G8B8A8_Uint,
+    R8G8B8A8_Snorm,
+    R8G8B8A8_Sint,
+    L16A16_Float,
+    R16G16_Float,
+    L16A16_Unorm,
+    R16G16_Unorm,
+    R16G16_Uint,
+    R16G16_Snorm,
+    R16G16_Sint,
+    R32_Float,
+    L32_Float,
+    A32_Float,
+    R32_Uint,
+    R32_Sint,
+    R8G8_Unorm,
+    R8G8_Uint,
+    R8G8_Snorm,
+    R8G8_Sint,
+    L8A8_Unorm,
+    L8A8_UnormSrgb,
+    R16_Float,
+    L16_Float,
+    A16_Float,
+    R16_Unorm,
+    L16_Unorm,
+    A16_Unorm,
+    R16_Uint,
+    R16_Snorm,
+    R16_Sint,
+    R8_Unorm,
+    L8_Unorm,
+    L8_UnormSrgb,
+    R8_Uint,
+    R8_Snorm,
+    R8_Sint,
+    A8_Unorm,
+};
+
+constexpr bool IsDepthStencilFormat(PixelFormat format) {
+    return false;
+}
+
+} // namespace VideoCore

src/video_core/renderer_vulkan/renderer_vulkan.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,352 @@
+// SPDX-FileCopyrightText: Copyright 2024 shadPS4 Emulator Project
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
+
+#include "common/config.h"
+#include "sdl_window.h"
+#include "video_core/renderer_vulkan/renderer_vulkan.h"
+
+#include <vk_mem_alloc.h>
+
+namespace Vulkan {
+
+bool CanBlitToSwapchain(const vk::PhysicalDevice physical_device, vk::Format format) {
+    const vk::FormatProperties props{physical_device.getFormatProperties(format)};
+    return static_cast<bool>(props.optimalTilingFeatures & vk::FormatFeatureFlagBits::eBlitDst);
+}
+
+[[nodiscard]] vk::ImageSubresourceLayers MakeImageSubresourceLayers() {
+    return vk::ImageSubresourceLayers{
+        .aspectMask = vk::ImageAspectFlagBits::eColor,
+        .mipLevel = 0,
+        .baseArrayLayer = 0,
+        .layerCount = 1,
+    };
+}
+
+[[nodiscard]] vk::ImageBlit MakeImageBlit(s32 frame_width, s32 frame_height, s32 swapchain_width,
+                                          s32 swapchain_height) {
+    return vk::ImageBlit{
+        .srcSubresource = MakeImageSubresourceLayers(),
+        .srcOffsets =
+            std::array{
+                vk::Offset3D{
+                    .x = 0,
+                    .y = 0,
+                    .z = 0,
+                },
+                vk::Offset3D{
+                    .x = frame_width,
+                    .y = frame_height,
+                    .z = 1,
+                },
+            },
+        .dstSubresource = MakeImageSubresourceLayers(),
+        .dstOffsets =
+            std::array{
+                vk::Offset3D{
+                    .x = 0,
+                    .y = 0,
+                    .z = 0,
+                },
+                vk::Offset3D{
+                    .x = swapchain_width,
+                    .y = swapchain_height,
+                    .z = 1,
+                },
+            },
+    };
+}
+
+RendererVulkan::RendererVulkan(Frontend::WindowSDL& window_)
+    : window{window_}, instance{window, Config::getGpuId()}, scheduler{instance},
+      swapchain{instance, window}, texture_cache{instance, scheduler} {
+    const u32 num_images = swapchain.GetImageCount();
+    const vk::Device device = instance.GetDevice();
+
+    const vk::CommandPoolCreateInfo pool_info = {
+        .flags = vk::CommandPoolCreateFlagBits::eResetCommandBuffer |
+                 vk::CommandPoolCreateFlagBits::eTransient,
+        .queueFamilyIndex = instance.GetGraphicsQueueFamilyIndex(),
+    };
+    command_pool = device.createCommandPoolUnique(pool_info);
+
+    const vk::CommandBufferAllocateInfo alloc_info = {
+        .commandPool = *command_pool,
+        .level = vk::CommandBufferLevel::ePrimary,
+        .commandBufferCount = num_images,
+    };
+
+    const auto cmdbuffers = device.allocateCommandBuffers(alloc_info);
+    present_frames.resize(num_images);
+    for (u32 i = 0; i < num_images; i++) {
+        Frame& frame = present_frames[i];
+        frame.cmdbuf = cmdbuffers[i];
+        frame.render_ready = device.createSemaphore({});
+        frame.present_done = device.createFence({.flags = vk::FenceCreateFlagBits::eSignaled});
+        free_queue.push(&frame);
+    }
+}
+
+RendererVulkan::~RendererVulkan() {
+    scheduler.Finish();
+    const vk::Device device = instance.GetDevice();
+    for (auto& frame : present_frames) {
+        vmaDestroyImage(instance.GetAllocator(), frame.image, frame.allocation);
+        device.destroyImageView(frame.image_view);
+        device.destroySemaphore(frame.render_ready);
+        device.destroyFence(frame.present_done);
+    }
+}
+
+void RendererVulkan::RecreateFrame(Frame* frame, u32 width, u32 height) {
+    const vk::Device device = instance.GetDevice();
+    if (frame->image_view) {
+        device.destroyImageView(frame->image_view);
+    }
+    if (frame->image) {
+        vmaDestroyImage(instance.GetAllocator(), frame->image, frame->allocation);
+    }
+
+    const vk::Format format = swapchain.GetSurfaceFormat().format;
+    const vk::ImageCreateInfo image_info = {
+        .imageType = vk::ImageType::e2D,
+        .format = format,
+        .extent = {width, height, 1},
+        .mipLevels = 1,
+        .arrayLayers = 1,
+        .samples = vk::SampleCountFlagBits::e1,
+        .usage = vk::ImageUsageFlagBits::eColorAttachment | vk::ImageUsageFlagBits::eTransferDst |
+                 vk::ImageUsageFlagBits::eTransferSrc,
+    };
+
+    const VmaAllocationCreateInfo alloc_info = {
+        .flags = VMA_ALLOCATION_CREATE_WITHIN_BUDGET_BIT,
+        .usage = VMA_MEMORY_USAGE_AUTO_PREFER_DEVICE,
+        .requiredFlags = 0,
+        .preferredFlags = 0,
+        .pool = VK_NULL_HANDLE,
+        .pUserData = nullptr,
+    };
+
+    VkImage unsafe_image{};
+    VkImageCreateInfo unsafe_image_info = static_cast<VkImageCreateInfo>(image_info);
+
+    VkResult result = vmaCreateImage(instance.GetAllocator(), &unsafe_image_info, &alloc_info,
+                                     &unsafe_image, &frame->allocation, nullptr);
+    if (result != VK_SUCCESS) [[unlikely]] {
+        LOG_CRITICAL(Render_Vulkan, "Failed allocating texture with error {}",
+                     vk::to_string(vk::Result{result}));
+        UNREACHABLE();
+    }
+    frame->image = vk::Image{unsafe_image};
+
+    const vk::ImageViewCreateInfo view_info = {
+        .image = frame->image,
+        .viewType = vk::ImageViewType::e2D,
+        .format = format,
+        .subresourceRange{
+            .aspectMask = vk::ImageAspectFlagBits::eColor,
+            .baseMipLevel = 0,
+            .levelCount = 1,
+            .baseArrayLayer = 0,
+            .layerCount = 1,
+        },
+    };
+    frame->image_view = device.createImageView(view_info);
+    frame->width = width;
+    frame->height = height;
+}
+
+Frame* RendererVulkan::PrepareFrame(const Libraries::VideoOut::BufferAttributeGroup& attribute,
+                                    VAddr cpu_address) {
+    // Request presentation image from the texture cache.
+    auto& image = texture_cache.FindDisplayBuffer(attribute, cpu_address);
+
+    // Request a free presentation frame.
+    Frame* frame = GetRenderFrame();
+
+    // Post-processing (Anti-aliasing, FSR etc) goes here. For now just blit to the frame image.
+    const vk::ImageMemoryBarrier pre_barrier{
+        .srcAccessMask = vk::AccessFlagBits::eTransferRead,
+        .dstAccessMask = vk::AccessFlagBits::eTransferWrite,
+        .oldLayout = vk::ImageLayout::eUndefined,
+        .newLayout = vk::ImageLayout::eGeneral,
+        .srcQueueFamilyIndex = VK_QUEUE_FAMILY_IGNORED,
+        .dstQueueFamilyIndex = VK_QUEUE_FAMILY_IGNORED,
+        .image = frame->image,
+        .subresourceRange{
+            .aspectMask = vk::ImageAspectFlagBits::eColor,
+            .baseMipLevel = 0,
+            .levelCount = 1,
+            .baseArrayLayer = 0,
+            .layerCount = VK_REMAINING_ARRAY_LAYERS,
+        },
+    };
+
+    const auto cmdbuf = scheduler.CommandBuffer();
+    cmdbuf.pipelineBarrier(vk::PipelineStageFlagBits::eTransfer,
+                           vk::PipelineStageFlagBits::eTransfer, vk::DependencyFlagBits::eByRegion,
+                           {}, {}, pre_barrier);
+    cmdbuf.blitImage(
+        image.image, vk::ImageLayout::eGeneral, frame->image, vk::ImageLayout::eGeneral,
+        MakeImageBlit(image.info.size.width, image.info.size.height, frame->width, frame->height),
+        vk::Filter::eLinear);
+
+    // Flush pending vulkan operations.
+    scheduler.Flush(frame->render_ready);
+    return frame;
+}
+
+void RendererVulkan::Present(Frame* frame) {
+    swapchain.AcquireNextImage();
+
+    const vk::Image swapchain_image = swapchain.Image();
+
+    const vk::CommandBufferBeginInfo begin_info = {
+        .flags = vk::CommandBufferUsageFlagBits::eOneTimeSubmit,
+    };
+    const vk::CommandBuffer cmdbuf = frame->cmdbuf;
+    cmdbuf.begin(begin_info);
+
+    const vk::Extent2D extent = swapchain.GetExtent();
+    const std::array pre_barriers{
+        vk::ImageMemoryBarrier{
+            .srcAccessMask = vk::AccessFlagBits::eNone,
+            .dstAccessMask = vk::AccessFlagBits::eTransferWrite,
+            .oldLayout = vk::ImageLayout::eUndefined,
+            .newLayout = vk::ImageLayout::eTransferDstOptimal,
+            .srcQueueFamilyIndex = VK_QUEUE_FAMILY_IGNORED,
+            .dstQueueFamilyIndex = VK_QUEUE_FAMILY_IGNORED,
+            .image = swapchain_image,
+            .subresourceRange{
+                .aspectMask = vk::ImageAspectFlagBits::eColor,
+                .baseMipLevel = 0,
+                .levelCount = 1,
+                .baseArrayLayer = 0,
+                .layerCount = VK_REMAINING_ARRAY_LAYERS,
+            },
+        },
+        vk::ImageMemoryBarrier{
+            .srcAccessMask = vk::AccessFlagBits::eColorAttachmentWrite,
+            .dstAccessMask = vk::AccessFlagBits::eTransferRead,
+            .oldLayout = vk::ImageLayout::eGeneral,
+            .newLayout = vk::ImageLayout::eGeneral,
+            .srcQueueFamilyIndex = VK_QUEUE_FAMILY_IGNORED,
+            .dstQueueFamilyIndex = VK_QUEUE_FAMILY_IGNORED,
+            .image = frame->image,
+            .subresourceRange{
+                .aspectMask = vk::ImageAspectFlagBits::eColor,
+                .baseMipLevel = 0,
+                .levelCount = 1,
+                .baseArrayLayer = 0,
+                .layerCount = VK_REMAINING_ARRAY_LAYERS,
+            },
+        },
+    };
+    const vk::ImageMemoryBarrier post_barrier{
+        .srcAccessMask = vk::AccessFlagBits::eTransferWrite,
+        .dstAccessMask = vk::AccessFlagBits::eMemoryRead,
+        .oldLayout = vk::ImageLayout::eTransferDstOptimal,
+        .newLayout = vk::ImageLayout::ePresentSrcKHR,
+        .srcQueueFamilyIndex = VK_QUEUE_FAMILY_IGNORED,
+        .dstQueueFamilyIndex = VK_QUEUE_FAMILY_IGNORED,
+        .image = swapchain_image,
+        .subresourceRange{
+            .aspectMask = vk::ImageAspectFlagBits::eColor,
+            .baseMipLevel = 0,
+            .levelCount = 1,
+            .baseArrayLayer = 0,
+            .layerCount = VK_REMAINING_ARRAY_LAYERS,
+        },
+    };
+
+    cmdbuf.pipelineBarrier(vk::PipelineStageFlagBits::eColorAttachmentOutput,
+                           vk::PipelineStageFlagBits::eTransfer, vk::DependencyFlagBits::eByRegion,
+                           {}, {}, pre_barriers);
+
+    cmdbuf.blitImage(frame->image, vk::ImageLayout::eGeneral, swapchain_image,
+                     vk::ImageLayout::eTransferDstOptimal,
+                     MakeImageBlit(frame->width, frame->height, extent.width, extent.height),
+                     vk::Filter::eLinear);
+
+    cmdbuf.pipelineBarrier(vk::PipelineStageFlagBits::eAllCommands,
+                           vk::PipelineStageFlagBits::eAllCommands,
+                           vk::DependencyFlagBits::eByRegion, {}, {}, post_barrier);
+
+    cmdbuf.end();
+
+    static constexpr std::array<vk::PipelineStageFlags, 2> wait_stage_masks = {
+        vk::PipelineStageFlagBits::eColorAttachmentOutput,
+        vk::PipelineStageFlagBits::eAllGraphics,
+    };
+
+    const vk::Semaphore present_ready = swapchain.GetPresentReadySemaphore();
+    const vk::Semaphore image_acquired = swapchain.GetImageAcquiredSemaphore();
+    const std::array wait_semaphores = {image_acquired, frame->render_ready};
+
+    vk::SubmitInfo submit_info = {
+        .waitSemaphoreCount = static_cast<u32>(wait_semaphores.size()),
+        .pWaitSemaphores = wait_semaphores.data(),
+        .pWaitDstStageMask = wait_stage_masks.data(),
+        .commandBufferCount = 1u,
+        .pCommandBuffers = &cmdbuf,
+        .signalSemaphoreCount = 1,
+        .pSignalSemaphores = &present_ready,
+    };
+
+    try {
+        std::scoped_lock submit_lock{scheduler.submit_mutex};
+        instance.GetGraphicsQueue().submit(submit_info, frame->present_done);
+    } catch (vk::DeviceLostError& err) {
+        LOG_CRITICAL(Render_Vulkan, "Device lost during present submit: {}", err.what());
+        UNREACHABLE();
+    }
+
+    swapchain.Present();
+
+    // Free the frame for reuse
+    std::scoped_lock fl{free_mutex};
+    free_queue.push(frame);
+    free_cv.notify_one();
+}
+
+Frame* RendererVulkan::GetRenderFrame() {
+    // Wait for free presentation frames
+    Frame* frame;
+    {
+        std::unique_lock lock{free_mutex};
+        free_cv.wait(lock, [this] { return !free_queue.empty(); });
+
+        // Take the frame from the queue
+        frame = free_queue.front();
+        free_queue.pop();
+    }
+
+    const vk::Device device = instance.GetDevice();
+    vk::Result result{};
+
+    const auto wait = [&]() {
+        result = device.waitForFences(frame->present_done, false, std::numeric_limits<u64>::max());
+        return result;
+    };
+
+    // Wait for the presentation to be finished so all frame resources are free
+    while (wait() != vk::Result::eSuccess) {
+        // Retry if the waiting times out
+        if (result == vk::Result::eTimeout) {
+            continue;
+        }
+    }
+
+    // Reset fence for next queue submission.
+    device.resetFences(frame->present_done);
+
+    // If the window dimentions changed, recreate this frame
+    if (frame->width != window.getWidth() || frame->height != window.getHeight()) {
+        RecreateFrame(frame, window.getWidth(), window.getHeight());
+    }
+
+    return frame;
+}
+
+} // namespace Vulkan

src/video_core/renderer_vulkan/renderer_vulkan.h

@@ -0,0 +1,57 @@
+// SPDX-FileCopyrightText: Copyright 2024 shadPS4 Emulator Project
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
+
+#pragma once
+
+#include <condition_variable>
+#include "video_core/renderer_vulkan/vk_instance.h"
+#include "video_core/renderer_vulkan/vk_scheduler.h"
+#include "video_core/renderer_vulkan/vk_swapchain.h"
+#include "video_core/texture_cache/texture_cache.h"
+
+namespace Frontend {
+class WindowSDL;
+}
+
+namespace Vulkan {
+
+struct Frame {
+    u32 width;
+    u32 height;
+    VmaAllocation allocation;
+    vk::Image image;
+    vk::ImageView image_view;
+    vk::Semaphore render_ready;
+    vk::Fence present_done;
+    vk::CommandBuffer cmdbuf;
+};
+
+class RendererVulkan {
+public:
+    explicit RendererVulkan(Frontend::WindowSDL& window);
+    ~RendererVulkan();
+
+    Frame* PrepareFrame(const Libraries::VideoOut::BufferAttributeGroup& attribute,
+                        VAddr cpu_address);
+
+    void Present(Frame* frame);
+    void RecreateFrame(Frame* frame, u32 width, u32 height);
+
+private:
+    Frame* GetRenderFrame();
+
+private:
+    Frontend::WindowSDL& window;
+    Instance instance;
+    Scheduler scheduler;
+    Swapchain swapchain;
+    VideoCore::TextureCache texture_cache;
+    vk::UniqueCommandPool command_pool;
+    std::vector<Frame> present_frames;
+    std::queue<Frame*> free_queue;
+    std::mutex free_mutex;
+    std::condition_variable free_cv;
+    std::condition_variable_any frame_cv;
+};
+
+} // namespace Vulkan

src/video_core/renderer_vulkan/vk_common.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+// SPDX-FileCopyrightText: Copyright 2024 shadPS4 Emulator Project
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
+
+#include "video_core/renderer_vulkan/vk_common.h"
+
+// Implement vma functions
+#define VMA_IMPLEMENTATION
+#include <vk_mem_alloc.h>
+
+// Store the dispatch loader here
+VULKAN_HPP_DEFAULT_DISPATCH_LOADER_DYNAMIC_STORAGE

src/video_core/renderer_vulkan/vk_common.h

@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+// SPDX-FileCopyrightText: Copyright 2024 shadPS4 Emulator Project
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
+
+#pragma once
+
+// Include vulkan-hpp header
+#define VK_ENABLE_BETA_EXTENSIONS
+#define VK_NO_PROTOTYPES
+#define VULKAN_HPP_DISPATCH_LOADER_DYNAMIC 1
+#define VULKAN_HPP_NO_CONSTRUCTORS
+#define VULKAN_HPP_NO_STRUCT_SETTERS
+#include <vulkan/vulkan.hpp>
+
+#define VMA_STATIC_VULKAN_FUNCTIONS 0
+#define VMA_DYNAMIC_VULKAN_FUNCTIONS 1

src/video_core/renderer_vulkan/vk_descriptor_update_queue.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,108 @@
+// SPDX-FileCopyrightText: Copyright 2024 shadPS4 Emulator Project
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
+
+#include "video_core/renderer_vulkan/vk_descriptor_update_queue.h"
+#include "video_core/renderer_vulkan/vk_instance.h"
+
+namespace Vulkan {
+
+DescriptorUpdateQueue::DescriptorUpdateQueue(const Instance& instance, u32 descriptor_write_max_)
+    : device{instance.GetDevice()}, descriptor_write_max{descriptor_write_max_} {
+    descriptor_infos = std::make_unique<DescriptorInfoUnion[]>(descriptor_write_max);
+    descriptor_writes = std::make_unique<vk::WriteDescriptorSet[]>(descriptor_write_max);
+}
+
+void DescriptorUpdateQueue::Flush() {
+    if (descriptor_write_end == 0) {
+        return;
+    }
+    device.updateDescriptorSets({std::span(descriptor_writes.get(), descriptor_write_end)}, {});
+    descriptor_write_end = 0;
+}
+
+void DescriptorUpdateQueue::AddStorageImage(vk::DescriptorSet target, u8 binding,
+                                            vk::ImageView image_view,
+                                            vk::ImageLayout image_layout) {
+    if (descriptor_write_end >= descriptor_write_max) [[unlikely]] {
+        Flush();
+    }
+
+    auto& image_info = descriptor_infos[descriptor_write_end].image_info;
+    image_info.sampler = VK_NULL_HANDLE;
+    image_info.imageView = image_view;
+    image_info.imageLayout = image_layout;
+
+    descriptor_writes[descriptor_write_end++] = vk::WriteDescriptorSet{
+        .dstSet = target,
+        .dstBinding = binding,
+        .dstArrayElement = 0,
+        .descriptorCount = 1,
+        .descriptorType = vk::DescriptorType::eStorageImage,
+        .pImageInfo = &image_info,
+    };
+}
+
+void DescriptorUpdateQueue::AddImageSampler(vk::DescriptorSet target, u8 binding, u8 array_index,
+                                            vk::ImageView image_view, vk::Sampler sampler,
+                                            vk::ImageLayout image_layout) {
+    if (descriptor_write_end >= descriptor_write_max) [[unlikely]] {
+        Flush();
+    }
+
+    auto& image_info = descriptor_infos[descriptor_write_end].image_info;
+    image_info.sampler = sampler;
+    image_info.imageView = image_view;
+    image_info.imageLayout = image_layout;
+
+    descriptor_writes[descriptor_write_end++] = vk::WriteDescriptorSet{
+        .dstSet = target,
+        .dstBinding = binding,
+        .dstArrayElement = array_index,
+        .descriptorCount = 1,
+        .descriptorType =
+            sampler ? vk::DescriptorType::eCombinedImageSampler : vk::DescriptorType::eSampledImage,
+        .pImageInfo = &image_info,
+    };
+}
+
+void DescriptorUpdateQueue::AddBuffer(vk::DescriptorSet target, u8 binding, vk::Buffer buffer,
+                                      vk::DeviceSize offset, vk::DeviceSize size,
+                                      vk::DescriptorType type) {
+    if (descriptor_write_end >= descriptor_write_max) [[unlikely]] {
+        Flush();
+    }
+
+    auto& buffer_info = descriptor_infos[descriptor_write_end].buffer_info;
+    buffer_info.buffer = buffer;
+    buffer_info.offset = offset;
+    buffer_info.range = size;
+
+    descriptor_writes[descriptor_write_end++] = vk::WriteDescriptorSet{
+        .dstSet = target,
+        .dstBinding = binding,
+        .dstArrayElement = 0,
+        .descriptorCount = 1,
+        .descriptorType = type,
+        .pBufferInfo = &buffer_info,
+    };
+}
+
+void DescriptorUpdateQueue::AddTexelBuffer(vk::DescriptorSet target, u8 binding,
+                                           vk::BufferView buffer_view) {
+    if (descriptor_write_end >= descriptor_write_max) [[unlikely]] {
+        Flush();
+    }
+
+    auto& buffer_info = descriptor_infos[descriptor_write_end].buffer_view;
+    buffer_info = buffer_view;
+    descriptor_writes[descriptor_write_end++] = vk::WriteDescriptorSet{
+        .dstSet = target,
+        .dstBinding = binding,
+        .dstArrayElement = 0,
+        .descriptorCount = 1,
+        .descriptorType = vk::DescriptorType::eUniformTexelBuffer,
+        .pTexelBufferView = &buffer_info,
+    };
+}
+
+} // namespace Vulkan

src/video_core/renderer_vulkan/vk_descriptor_update_queue.h

@@ -0,0 +1,51 @@
+// SPDX-FileCopyrightText: Copyright 2024 shadPS4 Emulator Project
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
+
+#include <memory>
+
+#include "common/types.h"
+#include "video_core/renderer_vulkan/vk_common.h"
+
+namespace Vulkan {
+
+class Instance;
+
+struct DescriptorInfoUnion {
+    DescriptorInfoUnion() {}
+
+    union {
+        vk::DescriptorImageInfo image_info;
+        vk::DescriptorBufferInfo buffer_info;
+        vk::BufferView buffer_view;
+    };
+};
+
+class DescriptorUpdateQueue {
+public:
+    explicit DescriptorUpdateQueue(const Instance& instance, u32 descriptor_write_max = 2048);
+    ~DescriptorUpdateQueue() = default;
+
+    void Flush();
+
+    void AddStorageImage(vk::DescriptorSet target, u8 binding, vk::ImageView image_view,
+                         vk::ImageLayout image_layout = vk::ImageLayout::eGeneral);
+
+    void AddImageSampler(vk::DescriptorSet target, u8 binding, u8 array_index,
+                         vk::ImageView image_view, vk::Sampler sampler,
+                         vk::ImageLayout imageLayout = vk::ImageLayout::eGeneral);
+
+    void AddBuffer(vk::DescriptorSet target, u8 binding, vk::Buffer buffer, vk::DeviceSize offset,
+                   vk::DeviceSize size = VK_WHOLE_SIZE,
+                   vk::DescriptorType type = vk::DescriptorType::eUniformBufferDynamic);
+
+    void AddTexelBuffer(vk::DescriptorSet target, u8 binding, vk::BufferView buffer_view);
+
+private:
+    const vk::Device device;
+    const u32 descriptor_write_max;
+    std::unique_ptr<DescriptorInfoUnion[]> descriptor_infos;
+    std::unique_ptr<vk::WriteDescriptorSet[]> descriptor_writes;
+    u32 descriptor_write_end = 0;
+};
+
+} // namespace Vulkan

src/video_core/renderer_vulkan/vk_instance.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,269 @@
+// SPDX-FileCopyrightText: Copyright 2024 shadPS4 Emulator Project
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
+
+#include <span>
+#include <boost/container/static_vector.hpp>
+#include <fmt/format.h>
+#include <fmt/ranges.h>
+
+#include "common/assert.h"
+#include "sdl_window.h"
+#include "video_core/renderer_vulkan/vk_instance.h"
+#include "video_core/renderer_vulkan/vk_platform.h"
+
+#include <vk_mem_alloc.h>
+
+namespace Vulkan {
+
+namespace {
+
+std::vector<std::string> GetSupportedExtensions(vk::PhysicalDevice physical) {
+    const std::vector extensions = physical.enumerateDeviceExtensionProperties();
+    std::vector<std::string> supported_extensions;
+    supported_extensions.reserve(extensions.size());
+    for (const auto& extension : extensions) {
+        supported_extensions.emplace_back(extension.extensionName.data());
+    }
+    return supported_extensions;
+}
+
+std::string GetReadableVersion(u32 version) {
+    return fmt::format("{}.{}.{}", VK_VERSION_MAJOR(version), VK_VERSION_MINOR(version),
+                       VK_VERSION_PATCH(version));
+}
+
+} // Anonymous namespace
+
+Instance::Instance(bool enable_validation, bool dump_command_buffers)
+    : instance{CreateInstance(dl, Frontend::WindowSystemType::Headless, enable_validation,
+                              dump_command_buffers)},
+      physical_devices{instance->enumeratePhysicalDevices()} {}
+
+Instance::Instance(Frontend::WindowSDL& window, u32 physical_device_index)
+    : instance{CreateInstance(dl, window.getWindowInfo().type, true, false)},
+      debug_callback{CreateDebugCallback(*instance)}, physical_devices{
+                                                          instance->enumeratePhysicalDevices()} {
+    const std::size_t num_physical_devices = static_cast<u16>(physical_devices.size());
+    ASSERT_MSG(physical_device_index < num_physical_devices,
+               "Invalid physical device index {} provided when only {} devices exist",
+               physical_device_index, num_physical_devices);
+
+    physical_device = physical_devices[physical_device_index];
+    available_extensions = GetSupportedExtensions(physical_device);
+    properties = physical_device.getProperties();
+    if (properties.apiVersion < TargetVulkanApiVersion) {
+        throw std::runtime_error(fmt::format(
+            "Vulkan {}.{} is required, but only {}.{} is supported by device!",
+            VK_VERSION_MAJOR(TargetVulkanApiVersion), VK_VERSION_MINOR(TargetVulkanApiVersion),
+            VK_VERSION_MAJOR(properties.apiVersion), VK_VERSION_MINOR(properties.apiVersion)));
+    }
+
+    CollectDeviceParameters();
+    CreateDevice();
+    CollectToolingInfo();
+}
+
+Instance::~Instance() {
+    vmaDestroyAllocator(allocator);
+}
+
+std::string Instance::GetDriverVersionName() {
+    // Extracted from
+    // https://github.com/SaschaWillems/vulkan.gpuinfo.org/blob/5dddea46ea1120b0df14eef8f15ff8e318e35462/functions.php#L308-L314
+    const u32 version = properties.driverVersion;
+    if (driver_id == vk::DriverId::eNvidiaProprietary) {
+        const u32 major = (version >> 22) & 0x3ff;
+        const u32 minor = (version >> 14) & 0x0ff;
+        const u32 secondary = (version >> 6) & 0x0ff;
+        const u32 tertiary = version & 0x003f;
+        return fmt::format("{}.{}.{}.{}", major, minor, secondary, tertiary);
+    }
+    if (driver_id == vk::DriverId::eIntelProprietaryWindows) {
+        const u32 major = version >> 14;
+        const u32 minor = version & 0x3fff;
+        return fmt::format("{}.{}", major, minor);
+    }
+    return GetReadableVersion(version);
+}
+
+bool Instance::CreateDevice() {
+    const vk::StructureChain feature_chain = physical_device.getFeatures2<
+        vk::PhysicalDeviceFeatures2, vk::PhysicalDevicePortabilitySubsetFeaturesKHR,
+        vk::PhysicalDeviceExtendedDynamicStateFeaturesEXT,
+        vk::PhysicalDeviceExtendedDynamicState2FeaturesEXT,
+        vk::PhysicalDeviceExtendedDynamicState3FeaturesEXT,
+        vk::PhysicalDeviceTimelineSemaphoreFeaturesKHR,
+        vk::PhysicalDeviceCustomBorderColorFeaturesEXT, vk::PhysicalDeviceIndexTypeUint8FeaturesEXT,
+        vk::PhysicalDeviceFragmentShaderInterlockFeaturesEXT,
+        vk::PhysicalDevicePipelineCreationCacheControlFeaturesEXT,
+        vk::PhysicalDeviceFragmentShaderBarycentricFeaturesKHR>();
+    const vk::StructureChain properties_chain =
+        physical_device.getProperties2<vk::PhysicalDeviceProperties2,
+                                       vk::PhysicalDevicePortabilitySubsetPropertiesKHR,
+                                       vk::PhysicalDeviceExternalMemoryHostPropertiesEXT>();
+
+    features = feature_chain.get().features;
+    if (available_extensions.empty()) {
+        LOG_CRITICAL(Render_Vulkan, "No extensions supported by device.");
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    boost::container::static_vector<const char*, 13> enabled_extensions;
+    const auto add_extension = [&](std::string_view extension) -> bool {
+        const auto result =
+            std::find_if(available_extensions.begin(), available_extensions.end(),
+                         [&](const std::string& name) { return name == extension; });
+
+        if (result != available_extensions.end()) {
+            LOG_INFO(Render_Vulkan, "Enabling extension: {}", extension);
+            enabled_extensions.push_back(extension.data());
+            return true;
+        }
+
+        LOG_WARNING(Render_Vulkan, "Extension {} unavailable.", extension);
+        return false;
+    };
+
+    add_extension(VK_KHR_SWAPCHAIN_EXTENSION_NAME);
+    image_format_list = add_extension(VK_KHR_IMAGE_FORMAT_LIST_EXTENSION_NAME);
+    shader_stencil_export = add_extension(VK_EXT_SHADER_STENCIL_EXPORT_EXTENSION_NAME);
+    external_memory_host = add_extension(VK_EXT_EXTERNAL_MEMORY_HOST_EXTENSION_NAME);
+    tooling_info = add_extension(VK_EXT_TOOLING_INFO_EXTENSION_NAME);
+    custom_border_color = add_extension(VK_EXT_CUSTOM_BORDER_COLOR_EXTENSION_NAME);
+    index_type_uint8 = add_extension(VK_KHR_INDEX_TYPE_UINT8_EXTENSION_NAME);
+
+    const auto family_properties = physical_device.getQueueFamilyProperties();
+    if (family_properties.empty()) {
+        LOG_CRITICAL(Render_Vulkan, "Physical device reported no queues.");
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    bool graphics_queue_found = false;
+    for (std::size_t i = 0; i < family_properties.size(); i++) {
+        const u32 index = static_cast<u32>(i);
+        if (family_properties[i].queueFlags & vk::QueueFlagBits::eGraphics) {
+            queue_family_index = index;
+            graphics_queue_found = true;
+        }
+    }
+
+    if (!graphics_queue_found) {
+        LOG_CRITICAL(Render_Vulkan, "Unable to find graphics and/or present queues.");
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    static constexpr std::array<f32, 1> queue_priorities = {1.0f};
+
+    const vk::DeviceQueueCreateInfo queue_info = {
+        .queueFamilyIndex = queue_family_index,
+        .queueCount = static_cast<u32>(queue_priorities.size()),
+        .pQueuePriorities = queue_priorities.data(),
+    };
+
+    vk::StructureChain device_chain = {
+        vk::DeviceCreateInfo{
+            .queueCreateInfoCount = 1u,
+            .pQueueCreateInfos = &queue_info,
+            .enabledExtensionCount = static_cast<u32>(enabled_extensions.size()),
+            .ppEnabledExtensionNames = enabled_extensions.data(),
+        },
+        vk::PhysicalDeviceFeatures2{
+            .features{
+                .robustBufferAccess = features.robustBufferAccess,
+                .geometryShader = features.geometryShader,
+                .logicOp = features.logicOp,
+                .samplerAnisotropy = features.samplerAnisotropy,
+                .fragmentStoresAndAtomics = features.fragmentStoresAndAtomics,
+                .shaderClipDistance = features.shaderClipDistance,
+            },
+        },
+        vk::PhysicalDeviceVulkan12Features{
+            .timelineSemaphore = true,
+        },
+        vk::PhysicalDeviceCustomBorderColorFeaturesEXT{
+            .customBorderColors = true,
+            .customBorderColorWithoutFormat = true,
+        },
+        vk::PhysicalDeviceIndexTypeUint8FeaturesEXT{
+            .indexTypeUint8 = true,
+        },
+    };
+
+    if (!index_type_uint8) {
+        device_chain.unlink<vk::PhysicalDeviceIndexTypeUint8FeaturesEXT>();
+    }
+
+    try {
+        device = physical_device.createDeviceUnique(device_chain.get());
+    } catch (vk::ExtensionNotPresentError& err) {
+        LOG_CRITICAL(Render_Vulkan, "Some required extensions are not available {}", err.what());
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    VULKAN_HPP_DEFAULT_DISPATCHER.init(*device);
+
+    graphics_queue = device->getQueue(queue_family_index, 0);
+    present_queue = device->getQueue(queue_family_index, 0);
+
+    CreateAllocator();
+    return true;
+}
+
+void Instance::CreateAllocator() {
+    const VmaVulkanFunctions functions = {
+        .vkGetInstanceProcAddr = VULKAN_HPP_DEFAULT_DISPATCHER.vkGetInstanceProcAddr,
+        .vkGetDeviceProcAddr = VULKAN_HPP_DEFAULT_DISPATCHER.vkGetDeviceProcAddr,
+    };
+
+    const VmaAllocatorCreateInfo allocator_info = {
+        .physicalDevice = physical_device,
+        .device = *device,
+        .pVulkanFunctions = &functions,
+        .instance = *instance,
+        .vulkanApiVersion = TargetVulkanApiVersion,
+    };
+
+    const VkResult result = vmaCreateAllocator(&allocator_info, &allocator);
+    if (result != VK_SUCCESS) {
+        UNREACHABLE_MSG("Failed to initialize VMA with error {}",
+                        vk::to_string(vk::Result{result}));
+    }
+}
+
+void Instance::CollectDeviceParameters() {
+    const vk::StructureChain property_chain =
+        physical_device
+            .getProperties2<vk::PhysicalDeviceProperties2, vk::PhysicalDeviceDriverProperties>();
+    const vk::PhysicalDeviceDriverProperties driver =
+        property_chain.get<vk::PhysicalDeviceDriverProperties>();
+
+    driver_id = driver.driverID;
+    vendor_name = driver.driverName.data();
+
+    const std::string model_name{GetModelName()};
+    const std::string driver_version = GetDriverVersionName();
+    const std::string driver_name = fmt::format("{} {}", vendor_name, driver_version);
+    const std::string api_version = GetReadableVersion(properties.apiVersion);
+    const std::string extensions = fmt::format("{}", fmt::join(available_extensions, ", "));
+
+    LOG_INFO(Render_Vulkan, "GPU_Vendor", vendor_name);
+    LOG_INFO(Render_Vulkan, "GPU_Model", model_name);
+    LOG_INFO(Render_Vulkan, "GPU_Vulkan_Driver", driver_name);
+    LOG_INFO(Render_Vulkan, "GPU_Vulkan_Version", api_version);
+    LOG_INFO(Render_Vulkan, "GPU_Vulkan_Extensions", extensions);
+}
+
+void Instance::CollectToolingInfo() {
+    if (!tooling_info) {
+        return;
+    }
+    const auto tools = physical_device.getToolPropertiesEXT();
+    for (const vk::PhysicalDeviceToolProperties& tool : tools) {
+        const std::string_view name = tool.name;
+        LOG_INFO(Render_Vulkan, "Attached debugging tool: {}", name);
+        has_renderdoc = has_renderdoc || name == "RenderDoc";
+        has_nsight_graphics = has_nsight_graphics || name == "NVIDIA Nsight Graphics";
+    }
+}
+
+} // namespace Vulkan

src/video_core/renderer_vulkan/vk_instance.h

@@ -0,0 +1,228 @@
+// SPDX-FileCopyrightText: Copyright 2024 shadPS4 Emulator Project
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
+
+#pragma once
+
+#include <span>
+
+#include "video_core/renderer_vulkan/vk_platform.h"
+
+namespace Frontend {
+class WindowSDL;
+}
+
+VK_DEFINE_HANDLE(VmaAllocator)
+
+namespace Vulkan {
+
+class Instance {
+public:
+    explicit Instance(bool validation = false, bool dump_command_buffers = false);
+    explicit Instance(Frontend::WindowSDL& window, u32 physical_device_index);
+    ~Instance();
+
+    /// Returns a formatted string for the driver version
+    std::string GetDriverVersionName();
+
+    /// Returns the Vulkan instance
+    vk::Instance GetInstance() const {
+        return *instance;
+    }
+
+    /// Returns the current physical device
+    vk::PhysicalDevice GetPhysicalDevice() const {
+        return physical_device;
+    }
+
+    /// Returns the Vulkan device
+    vk::Device GetDevice() const {
+        return *device;
+    }
+
+    /// Returns the VMA allocator handle
+    VmaAllocator GetAllocator() const {
+        return allocator;
+    }
+
+    /// Returns a list of the available physical devices
+    std::span<const vk::PhysicalDevice> GetPhysicalDevices() const {
+        return physical_devices;
+    }
+
+    /// Retrieve queue information
+    u32 GetGraphicsQueueFamilyIndex() const {
+        return queue_family_index;
+    }
+
+    u32 GetPresentQueueFamilyIndex() const {
+        return queue_family_index;
+    }
+
+    vk::Queue GetGraphicsQueue() const {
+        return graphics_queue;
+    }
+
+    vk::Queue GetPresentQueue() const {
+        return present_queue;
+    }
+
+    /// Returns true when a known debugging tool is attached.
+    bool HasDebuggingToolAttached() const {
+        return has_renderdoc || has_nsight_graphics;
+    }
+
+    /// Returns true if anisotropic filtering is supported
+    bool IsAnisotropicFilteringSupported() const {
+        return features.samplerAnisotropy;
+    }
+
+    /// Returns true when VK_EXT_custom_border_color is supported
+    bool IsCustomBorderColorSupported() const {
+        return custom_border_color;
+    }
+
+    /// Returns true when VK_EXT_index_type_uint8 is supported
+    bool IsIndexTypeUint8Supported() const {
+        return index_type_uint8;
+    }
+
+    /// Returns true when VK_EXT_fragment_shader_interlock is supported
+    bool IsFragmentShaderInterlockSupported() const {
+        return fragment_shader_interlock;
+    }
+
+    /// Returns true when VK_KHR_image_format_list is supported
+    bool IsImageFormatListSupported() const {
+        return image_format_list;
+    }
+
+    /// Returns true when VK_EXT_pipeline_creation_cache_control is supported
+    bool IsPipelineCreationCacheControlSupported() const {
+        return pipeline_creation_cache_control;
+    }
+
+    /// Returns true when VK_EXT_shader_stencil_export is supported
+    bool IsShaderStencilExportSupported() const {
+        return shader_stencil_export;
+    }
+
+    /// Returns true when VK_EXT_external_memory_host is supported
+    bool IsExternalMemoryHostSupported() const {
+        return external_memory_host;
+    }
+
+    /// Returns the vendor ID of the physical device
+    u32 GetVendorID() const {
+        return properties.vendorID;
+    }
+
+    /// Returns the device ID of the physical device
+    u32 GetDeviceID() const {
+        return properties.deviceID;
+    }
+
+    /// Returns the driver ID.
+    vk::DriverId GetDriverID() const {
+        return driver_id;
+    }
+
+    /// Returns the current driver version provided in Vulkan-formatted version numbers.
+    u32 GetDriverVersion() const {
+        return properties.driverVersion;
+    }
+
+    /// Returns the current Vulkan API version provided in Vulkan-formatted version numbers.
+    u32 ApiVersion() const {
+        return properties.apiVersion;
+    }
+
+    /// Returns the vendor name reported from Vulkan.
+    std::string_view GetVendorName() const {
+        return vendor_name;
+    }
+
+    /// Returns the list of available extensions.
+    std::span<const std::string> GetAvailableExtensions() const {
+        return available_extensions;
+    }
+
+    /// Returns the device name.
+    std::string_view GetModelName() const {
+        return properties.deviceName;
+    }
+
+    /// Returns the pipeline cache unique identifier
+    const auto GetPipelineCacheUUID() const {
+        return properties.pipelineCacheUUID;
+    }
+
+    /// Returns the minimum required alignment for uniforms
+    vk::DeviceSize UniformMinAlignment() const {
+        return properties.limits.minUniformBufferOffsetAlignment;
+    }
+
+    /// Returns the minimum alignemt required for accessing host-mapped device memory
+    vk::DeviceSize NonCoherentAtomSize() const {
+        return properties.limits.nonCoherentAtomSize;
+    }
+
+    /// Returns the maximum supported elements in a texel buffer
+    u32 MaxTexelBufferElements() const {
+        return properties.limits.maxTexelBufferElements;
+    }
+
+    /// Returns true if shaders can declare the ClipDistance attribute
+    bool IsShaderClipDistanceSupported() const {
+        return features.shaderClipDistance;
+    }
+
+    /// Returns the minimum imported host pointer alignment
+    u64 GetMinImportedHostPointerAlignment() const {
+        return min_imported_host_pointer_alignment;
+    }
+
+private:
+    /// Creates the logical device opportunistically enabling extensions
+    bool CreateDevice();
+
+    /// Creates the VMA allocator handle
+    void CreateAllocator();
+
+    /// Collects telemetry information from the device.
+    void CollectDeviceParameters();
+    void CollectToolingInfo();
+
+private:
+    vk::DynamicLoader dl;
+    vk::UniqueInstance instance;
+    vk::PhysicalDevice physical_device;
+    vk::UniqueDevice device;
+    vk::PhysicalDeviceProperties properties;
+    vk::PhysicalDeviceFeatures features;
+    vk::DriverIdKHR driver_id;
+    vk::UniqueDebugUtilsMessengerEXT debug_callback;
+    std::string vendor_name;
+    VmaAllocator allocator{};
+    vk::Queue present_queue;
+    vk::Queue graphics_queue;
+    std::vector<vk::PhysicalDevice> physical_devices;
+    std::vector<std::string> available_extensions;
+    u32 queue_family_index{0};
+    bool image_view_reinterpretation{true};
+    bool timeline_semaphores{};
+    bool custom_border_color{};
+    bool index_type_uint8{};
+    bool fragment_shader_interlock{};
+    bool image_format_list{};
+    bool pipeline_creation_cache_control{};
+    bool fragment_shader_barycentric{};
+    bool shader_stencil_export{};
+    bool external_memory_host{};
+    u64 min_imported_host_pointer_alignment{};
+    bool tooling_info{};
+    bool debug_utils_supported{};
+    bool has_nsight_graphics{};
+    bool has_renderdoc{};
+};
+
+} // namespace Vulkan

src/video_core/renderer_vulkan/vk_master_semaphore.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,105 @@
+// SPDX-FileCopyrightText: Copyright 2020 yuzu Emulator Project
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
+
+#include <limits>
+#include <mutex>
+#include "common/assert.h"
+#include "video_core/renderer_vulkan/vk_instance.h"
+#include "video_core/renderer_vulkan/vk_master_semaphore.h"
+
+namespace Vulkan {
+
+constexpr u64 WAIT_TIMEOUT = std::numeric_limits<u64>::max();
+
+MasterSemaphore::MasterSemaphore(const Instance& instance_) : instance{instance_} {
+    const vk::StructureChain semaphore_chain = {
+        vk::SemaphoreCreateInfo{},
+        vk::SemaphoreTypeCreateInfo{
+            .semaphoreType = vk::SemaphoreType::eTimeline,
+            .initialValue = 0,
+        },
+    };
+    semaphore = instance.GetDevice().createSemaphoreUnique(semaphore_chain.get());
+}
+
+MasterSemaphore::~MasterSemaphore() = default;
+
+void MasterSemaphore::Refresh() {
+    u64 this_tick{};
+    u64 counter{};
+    do {
+        this_tick = gpu_tick.load(std::memory_order_acquire);
+        counter = instance.GetDevice().getSemaphoreCounterValue(*semaphore);
+        if (counter < this_tick) {
+            return;
+        }
+    } while (!gpu_tick.compare_exchange_weak(this_tick, counter, std::memory_order_release,
+                                             std::memory_order_relaxed));
+}
+
+void MasterSemaphore::Wait(u64 tick) {
+    // No need to wait if the GPU is ahead of the tick
+    if (IsFree(tick)) {
+        return;
+    }
+    // Update the GPU tick and try again
+    Refresh();
+    if (IsFree(tick)) {
+        return;
+    }
+
+    // If none of the above is hit, fallback to a regular wait
+    const vk::SemaphoreWaitInfo wait_info = {
+        .semaphoreCount = 1,
+        .pSemaphores = &semaphore.get(),
+        .pValues = &tick,
+    };
+
+    while (instance.GetDevice().waitSemaphores(&wait_info, WAIT_TIMEOUT) != vk::Result::eSuccess) {
+    }
+    Refresh();
+}
+
+void MasterSemaphore::SubmitWork(vk::CommandBuffer cmdbuf, vk::Semaphore wait, vk::Semaphore signal,
+                                 u64 signal_value) {
+    cmdbuf.end();
+
+    const u32 num_signal_semaphores = signal ? 2U : 1U;
+    const std::array signal_values{signal_value, u64(0)};
+    const std::array signal_semaphores{Handle(), signal};
+
+    const u32 num_wait_semaphores = wait ? 2U : 1U;
+    const std::array wait_values{signal_value - 1, u64(1)};
+    const std::array wait_semaphores{Handle(), wait};
+
+    static constexpr std::array<vk::PipelineStageFlags, 2> wait_stage_masks = {
+        vk::PipelineStageFlagBits::eAllCommands,
+        vk::PipelineStageFlagBits::eColorAttachmentOutput,
+    };
+
+    const vk::TimelineSemaphoreSubmitInfo timeline_si = {
+        .waitSemaphoreValueCount = num_wait_semaphores,
+        .pWaitSemaphoreValues = wait_values.data(),
+        .signalSemaphoreValueCount = num_signal_semaphores,
+        .pSignalSemaphoreValues = signal_values.data(),
+    };
+
+    const vk::SubmitInfo submit_info = {
+        .pNext = &timeline_si,
+        .waitSemaphoreCount = num_wait_semaphores,
+        .pWaitSemaphores = wait_semaphores.data(),
+        .pWaitDstStageMask = wait_stage_masks.data(),
+        .commandBufferCount = 1u,
+        .pCommandBuffers = &cmdbuf,
+        .signalSemaphoreCount = num_signal_semaphores,
+        .pSignalSemaphores = signal_semaphores.data(),
+    };
+
+    try {
+        instance.GetGraphicsQueue().submit(submit_info);
+    } catch (vk::DeviceLostError& err) {
+        UNREACHABLE_MSG("Device lost during submit: {}", err.what());
+    }
+}
+
+} // namespace Vulkan

src/video_core/renderer_vulkan/vk_master_semaphore.h

@@ -0,0 +1,60 @@
+// SPDX-FileCopyrightText: Copyright 2020 yuzu Emulator Project
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
+
+#pragma once
+
+#include <atomic>
+#include <condition_variable>
+#include <thread>
+#include <queue>
+#include "common/types.h"
+#include "video_core/renderer_vulkan/vk_common.h"
+
+namespace Vulkan {
+
+class Instance;
+class Scheduler;
+
+class MasterSemaphore {
+public:
+    explicit MasterSemaphore(const Instance& instance_);
+    ~MasterSemaphore();
+
+    [[nodiscard]] u64 CurrentTick() const noexcept {
+        return current_tick.load(std::memory_order_acquire);
+    }
+
+    [[nodiscard]] u64 KnownGpuTick() const noexcept {
+        return gpu_tick.load(std::memory_order_acquire);
+    }
+
+    [[nodiscard]] bool IsFree(u64 tick) const noexcept {
+        return KnownGpuTick() >= tick;
+    }
+
+    [[nodiscard]] u64 NextTick() noexcept {
+        return current_tick.fetch_add(1, std::memory_order_release);
+    }
+
+    [[nodiscard]] vk::Semaphore Handle() const noexcept {
+        return semaphore.get();
+    }
+
+    /// Refresh the known GPU tick
+    void Refresh();
+
+    /// Waits for a tick to be hit on the GPU
+    void Wait(u64 tick);
+
+    /// Submits the provided command buffer for execution
+    void SubmitWork(vk::CommandBuffer cmdbuf, vk::Semaphore wait, vk::Semaphore signal,
+                    u64 signal_value);
+
+protected:
+    const Instance& instance;
+    vk::UniqueSemaphore semaphore;    ///< Timeline semaphore.
+    std::atomic<u64> gpu_tick{0};     ///< Current known GPU tick.
+    std::atomic<u64> current_tick{1}; ///< Current logical tick.
+};
+
+} // namespace Vulkan

src/video_core/renderer_vulkan/vk_platform.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,231 @@
+// SPDX-FileCopyrightText: Copyright 2024 shadPS4 Emulator Project
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
+
+// Include the vulkan platform specific header
+#if defined(ANDROID)
+#define VK_USE_PLATFORM_ANDROID_KHR
+#elif defined(_WIN64)
+#define VK_USE_PLATFORM_WIN32_KHR
+#elif defined(__APPLE__)
+#define VK_USE_PLATFORM_METAL_EXT
+#else
+#define VK_USE_PLATFORM_WAYLAND_KHR
+#define VK_USE_PLATFORM_XLIB_KHR
+#endif
+
+#include <vector>
+#include "common/assert.h"
+#include "common/logging/log.h"
+#include "sdl_window.h"
+#include "video_core/renderer_vulkan/vk_platform.h"
+
+namespace Vulkan {
+
+static VKAPI_ATTR VkBool32 VKAPI_CALL DebugUtilsCallback(
+    VkDebugUtilsMessageSeverityFlagBitsEXT severity, VkDebugUtilsMessageTypeFlagsEXT type,
+    const VkDebugUtilsMessengerCallbackDataEXT* callback_data, void* user_data) {
+
+    switch (static_cast<u32>(callback_data->messageIdNumber)) {
+    case 0x609a13b: // Vertex attribute at location not consumed by shader
+    case 0xc81ad50e:
+        return VK_FALSE;
+    default:
+        break;
+    }
+
+    Common::Log::Level level{};
+    switch (severity) {
+    case VK_DEBUG_UTILS_MESSAGE_SEVERITY_ERROR_BIT_EXT:
+        level = Common::Log::Level::Error;
+        break;
+    case VK_DEBUG_UTILS_MESSAGE_SEVERITY_WARNING_BIT_EXT:
+        level = Common::Log::Level::Info;
+        break;
+    case VK_DEBUG_UTILS_MESSAGE_SEVERITY_INFO_BIT_EXT:
+    case VK_DEBUG_UTILS_MESSAGE_SEVERITY_VERBOSE_BIT_EXT:
+        level = Common::Log::Level::Debug;
+        break;
+    default:
+        level = Common::Log::Level::Info;
+    }
+
+    LOG_GENERIC(Common::Log::Class::Render_Vulkan, level, "{}: {}",
+                callback_data->pMessageIdName ? callback_data->pMessageIdName : "<null>",
+                callback_data->pMessage ? callback_data->pMessage : "<null>");
+
+    return VK_FALSE;
+}
+
+vk::SurfaceKHR CreateSurface(vk::Instance instance, const Frontend::WindowSDL& emu_window) {
+    const auto& window_info = emu_window.getWindowInfo();
+    vk::SurfaceKHR surface{};
+
+#if defined(VK_USE_PLATFORM_WIN32_KHR)
+    if (window_info.type == Frontend::WindowSystemType::Windows) {
+        const vk::Win32SurfaceCreateInfoKHR win32_ci = {
+            .hinstance = nullptr,
+            .hwnd = static_cast<HWND>(window_info.render_surface),
+        };
+
+        if (instance.createWin32SurfaceKHR(&win32_ci, nullptr, &surface) != vk::Result::eSuccess) {
+            LOG_CRITICAL(Render_Vulkan, "Failed to initialize Win32 surface");
+            UNREACHABLE();
+        }
+    }
+#elif defined(VK_USE_PLATFORM_XLIB_KHR) || defined(VK_USE_PLATFORM_WAYLAND_KHR)
+    if (window_info.type == Frontend::WindowSystemType::X11) {
+        const vk::XlibSurfaceCreateInfoKHR xlib_ci = {
+            .dpy = static_cast<Display*>(window_info.display_connection),
+            .window = reinterpret_cast<Window>(window_info.render_surface),
+        };
+
+        if (instance.createXlibSurfaceKHR(&xlib_ci, nullptr, &surface) != vk::Result::eSuccess) {
+            LOG_ERROR(Render_Vulkan, "Failed to initialize Xlib surface");
+            UNREACHABLE();
+        }
+    } else if (window_info.type == Frontend::WindowSystemType::Wayland) {
+        const vk::WaylandSurfaceCreateInfoKHR wayland_ci = {
+            .display = static_cast<wl_display*>(window_info.display_connection),
+            .surface = static_cast<wl_surface*>(window_info.render_surface),
+        };
+
+        if (instance.createWaylandSurfaceKHR(&wayland_ci, nullptr, &surface) !=
+            vk::Result::eSuccess) {
+            LOG_ERROR(Render_Vulkan, "Failed to initialize Wayland surface");
+            UNREACHABLE();
+        }
+    }
+#endif
+
+    if (!surface) {
+        LOG_CRITICAL(Render_Vulkan, "Presentation not supported on this platform");
+        UNREACHABLE();
+    }
+
+    return surface;
+}
+
+std::vector<const char*> GetInstanceExtensions(Frontend::WindowSystemType window_type,
+                                               bool enable_debug_utils) {
+    const auto properties = vk::enumerateInstanceExtensionProperties();
+    if (properties.empty()) {
+        LOG_ERROR(Render_Vulkan, "Failed to query extension properties");
+        return {};
+    }
+
+    // Add the windowing system specific extension
+    std::vector<const char*> extensions;
+    extensions.reserve(7);
+
+    switch (window_type) {
+    case Frontend::WindowSystemType::Headless:
+        break;
+#if defined(VK_USE_PLATFORM_WIN32_KHR)
+    case Frontend::WindowSystemType::Windows:
+        extensions.push_back(VK_KHR_WIN32_SURFACE_EXTENSION_NAME);
+        break;
+#elif defined(VK_USE_PLATFORM_XLIB_KHR) || defined(VK_USE_PLATFORM_WAYLAND_KHR)
+    case Frontend::WindowSystemType::X11:
+        extensions.push_back(VK_KHR_XLIB_SURFACE_EXTENSION_NAME);
+        break;
+    case Frontend::WindowSystemType::Wayland:
+        extensions.push_back(VK_KHR_WAYLAND_SURFACE_EXTENSION_NAME);
+        break;
+#endif
+    default:
+        LOG_ERROR(Render_Vulkan, "Presentation not supported on this platform");
+        break;
+    }
+
+    if (window_type != Frontend::WindowSystemType::Headless) {
+        extensions.push_back(VK_KHR_SURFACE_EXTENSION_NAME);
+    }
+
+    if (enable_debug_utils) {
+        extensions.push_back(VK_EXT_DEBUG_UTILS_EXTENSION_NAME);
+    }
+
+    // Sanitize extension list
+    std::erase_if(extensions, [&](const char* extension) -> bool {
+        const auto it =
+            std::find_if(properties.begin(), properties.end(), [extension](const auto& prop) {
+                return std::strcmp(extension, prop.extensionName) == 0;
+            });
+
+        if (it == properties.end()) {
+            LOG_INFO(Render_Vulkan, "Candidate instance extension {} is not available", extension);
+            return true;
+        }
+        return false;
+    });
+
+    return extensions;
+}
+
+vk::UniqueInstance CreateInstance(vk::DynamicLoader& dl, Frontend::WindowSystemType window_type,
+                                  bool enable_validation, bool dump_command_buffers) {
+    auto vkGetInstanceProcAddr =
+        dl.getProcAddress<PFN_vkGetInstanceProcAddr>("vkGetInstanceProcAddr");
+    VULKAN_HPP_DEFAULT_DISPATCHER.init(vkGetInstanceProcAddr);
+
+    const u32 available_version = VULKAN_HPP_DEFAULT_DISPATCHER.vkEnumerateInstanceVersion
+                                      ? vk::enumerateInstanceVersion()
+                                      : VK_API_VERSION_1_0;
+
+    if (available_version < TargetVulkanApiVersion) {
+        throw std::runtime_error(fmt::format(
+            "Vulkan {}.{} is required, but only {}.{} is supported by instance!",
+            VK_VERSION_MAJOR(TargetVulkanApiVersion), VK_VERSION_MINOR(TargetVulkanApiVersion),
+            VK_VERSION_MAJOR(available_version), VK_VERSION_MINOR(available_version)));
+    }
+
+    const auto extensions = GetInstanceExtensions(window_type, enable_validation);
+
+    const vk::ApplicationInfo application_info = {
+        .pApplicationName = "shadPS4",
+        .applicationVersion = VK_MAKE_VERSION(1, 0, 0),
+        .pEngineName = "shadPS4 Vulkan",
+        .engineVersion = VK_MAKE_VERSION(1, 0, 0),
+        .apiVersion = available_version,
+    };
+
+    u32 num_layers = 0;
+    std::array<const char*, 2> layers;
+
+    if (enable_validation) {
+        layers[num_layers++] = "VK_LAYER_KHRONOS_validation";
+    }
+    if (dump_command_buffers) {
+        layers[num_layers++] = "VK_LAYER_LUNARG_api_dump";
+    }
+
+    vk::InstanceCreateInfo instance_ci = {
+        .pApplicationInfo = &application_info,
+        .enabledLayerCount = num_layers,
+        .ppEnabledLayerNames = layers.data(),
+        .enabledExtensionCount = static_cast<u32>(extensions.size()),
+        .ppEnabledExtensionNames = extensions.data(),
+    };
+
+    auto instance = vk::createInstanceUnique(instance_ci);
+
+    VULKAN_HPP_DEFAULT_DISPATCHER.init(*instance);
+
+    return instance;
+}
+
+vk::UniqueDebugUtilsMessengerEXT CreateDebugCallback(vk::Instance instance) {
+    const vk::DebugUtilsMessengerCreateInfoEXT msg_ci = {
+        .messageSeverity = vk::DebugUtilsMessageSeverityFlagBitsEXT::eInfo |
+                           vk::DebugUtilsMessageSeverityFlagBitsEXT::eError |
+                           vk::DebugUtilsMessageSeverityFlagBitsEXT::eWarning |
+                           vk::DebugUtilsMessageSeverityFlagBitsEXT::eVerbose,
+        .messageType = vk::DebugUtilsMessageTypeFlagBitsEXT::eGeneral |
+                       vk::DebugUtilsMessageTypeFlagBitsEXT::eValidation |
+                       vk::DebugUtilsMessageTypeFlagBitsEXT::ePerformance,
+        .pfnUserCallback = DebugUtilsCallback,
+    };
+    return instance.createDebugUtilsMessengerEXTUnique(msg_ci);
+}
+
+} // namespace Vulkan

src/video_core/renderer_vulkan/vk_platform.h

@@ -0,0 +1,49 @@
+// SPDX-FileCopyrightText: Copyright 2024 shadPS4 Emulator Project
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
+
+#pragma once
+
+#include <memory>
+#include <variant>
+#include <fmt/format.h>
+
+#include "common/types.h"
+#include "video_core/renderer_vulkan/vk_common.h"
+
+namespace Frontend {
+enum class WindowSystemType : u8;
+class WindowSDL;
+} // namespace Frontend
+
+namespace Vulkan {
+
+constexpr u32 TargetVulkanApiVersion = VK_API_VERSION_1_3;
+
+vk::SurfaceKHR CreateSurface(vk::Instance instance, const Frontend::WindowSDL& emu_window);
+
+vk::UniqueInstance CreateInstance(vk::DynamicLoader& dl, Frontend::WindowSystemType window_type,
+                                  bool enable_validation, bool dump_command_buffers);
+
+vk::UniqueDebugUtilsMessengerEXT CreateDebugCallback(vk::Instance instance);
+
+template <typename T>
+concept VulkanHandleType = vk::isVulkanHandleType<T>::value;
+
+template <VulkanHandleType HandleType>
+void SetObjectName(vk::Device device, const HandleType& handle, std::string_view debug_name) {
+    const vk::DebugUtilsObjectNameInfoEXT name_info = {
+        .objectType = HandleType::objectType,
+        .objectHandle = reinterpret_cast<u64>(static_cast<typename HandleType::NativeType>(handle)),
+        .pObjectName = debug_name.data(),
+    };
+    device.setDebugUtilsObjectNameEXT(name_info);
+}
+
+template <VulkanHandleType HandleType, typename... Args>
+void SetObjectName(vk::Device device, const HandleType& handle, const char* format,
+                   const Args&... args) {
+    const std::string debug_name = fmt::vformat(format, fmt::make_format_args(args...));
+    SetObjectName(device, handle, debug_name);
+}
+
+} // namespace Vulkan

src/video_core/renderer_vulkan/vk_resource_pool.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,190 @@
+// SPDX-FileCopyrightText: Copyright 2024 shadPS4 Emulator Project
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
+
+#include <cstddef>
+#include <optional>
+#include <unordered_map>
+#include "common/assert.h"
+#include "video_core/renderer_vulkan/vk_instance.h"
+#include "video_core/renderer_vulkan/vk_master_semaphore.h"
+#include "video_core/renderer_vulkan/vk_resource_pool.h"
+
+namespace Vulkan {
+
+ResourcePool::ResourcePool(MasterSemaphore* master_semaphore_, std::size_t grow_step_)
+    : master_semaphore{master_semaphore_}, grow_step{grow_step_} {}
+
+std::size_t ResourcePool::CommitResource() {
+    u64 gpu_tick = master_semaphore->KnownGpuTick();
+    const auto search = [this, gpu_tick](std::size_t begin,
+                                         std::size_t end) -> std::optional<std::size_t> {
+        for (std::size_t iterator = begin; iterator < end; ++iterator) {
+            if (gpu_tick >= ticks[iterator]) {
+                ticks[iterator] = master_semaphore->CurrentTick();
+                return iterator;
+            }
+        }
+        return std::nullopt;
+    };
+
+    // Try to find a free resource from the hinted position to the end.
+    auto found = search(hint_iterator, ticks.size());
+    if (!found) {
+        // Refresh semaphore to query updated results
+        master_semaphore->Refresh();
+        gpu_tick = master_semaphore->KnownGpuTick();
+        found = search(hint_iterator, ticks.size());
+    }
+    if (!found) {
+        // Search from beginning to the hinted position.
+        found = search(0, hint_iterator);
+        if (!found) {
+            // Both searches failed, the pool is full; handle it.
+            const std::size_t free_resource = ManageOverflow();
+
+            ticks[free_resource] = master_semaphore->CurrentTick();
+            found = free_resource;
+        }
+    }
+
+    // Free iterator is hinted to the resource after the one that's been commited.
+    hint_iterator = (*found + 1) % ticks.size();
+    return *found;
+}
+
+std::size_t ResourcePool::ManageOverflow() {
+    const std::size_t old_capacity = ticks.size();
+    ticks.resize(old_capacity + grow_step);
+    Allocate(old_capacity, old_capacity + grow_step);
+    return old_capacity;
+}
+
+constexpr std::size_t COMMAND_BUFFER_POOL_SIZE = 4;
+
+CommandPool::CommandPool(const Instance& instance, MasterSemaphore* master_semaphore)
+    : ResourcePool{master_semaphore, COMMAND_BUFFER_POOL_SIZE}, instance{instance} {
+    const vk::CommandPoolCreateInfo pool_create_info = {
+        .flags = vk::CommandPoolCreateFlagBits::eTransient |
+                 vk::CommandPoolCreateFlagBits::eResetCommandBuffer,
+        .queueFamilyIndex = instance.GetGraphicsQueueFamilyIndex(),
+    };
+    const vk::Device device = instance.GetDevice();
+    cmd_pool = device.createCommandPoolUnique(pool_create_info);
+    if (instance.HasDebuggingToolAttached()) {
+        SetObjectName(device, *cmd_pool, "CommandPool");
+    }
+}
+
+CommandPool::~CommandPool() = default;
+
+void CommandPool::Allocate(std::size_t begin, std::size_t end) {
+    cmd_buffers.resize(end);
+
+    const vk::CommandBufferAllocateInfo buffer_alloc_info = {
+        .commandPool = *cmd_pool,
+        .level = vk::CommandBufferLevel::ePrimary,
+        .commandBufferCount = COMMAND_BUFFER_POOL_SIZE,
+    };
+
+    const vk::Device device = instance.GetDevice();
+    const auto result =
+        device.allocateCommandBuffers(&buffer_alloc_info, cmd_buffers.data() + begin);
+    ASSERT(result == vk::Result::eSuccess);
+
+    if (instance.HasDebuggingToolAttached()) {
+        for (std::size_t i = begin; i < end; ++i) {
+            SetObjectName(device, cmd_buffers[i], "CommandPool: Command Buffer {}", i);
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+vk::CommandBuffer CommandPool::Commit() {
+    const std::size_t index = CommitResource();
+    return cmd_buffers[index];
+}
+
+constexpr u32 DESCRIPTOR_SET_BATCH = 32;
+
+DescriptorHeap::DescriptorHeap(const Instance& instance, MasterSemaphore* master_semaphore,
+                               std::span<const vk::DescriptorSetLayoutBinding> bindings,
+                               u32 descriptor_heap_count_)
+    : ResourcePool{master_semaphore, DESCRIPTOR_SET_BATCH}, device{instance.GetDevice()},
+      descriptor_heap_count{descriptor_heap_count_} {
+    // Create descriptor set layout.
+    const vk::DescriptorSetLayoutCreateInfo layout_ci = {
+        .bindingCount = static_cast<u32>(bindings.size()),
+        .pBindings = bindings.data(),
+    };
+    descriptor_set_layout = device.createDescriptorSetLayoutUnique(layout_ci);
+    if (instance.HasDebuggingToolAttached()) {
+        SetObjectName(device, *descriptor_set_layout, "DescriptorSetLayout");
+    }
+
+    // Build descriptor set pool counts.
+    std::unordered_map<vk::DescriptorType, u16> descriptor_type_counts;
+    for (const auto& binding : bindings) {
+        descriptor_type_counts[binding.descriptorType] += binding.descriptorCount;
+    }
+    for (const auto& [type, count] : descriptor_type_counts) {
+        auto& pool_size = pool_sizes.emplace_back();
+        pool_size.descriptorCount = count * descriptor_heap_count;
+        pool_size.type = type;
+    }
+
+    // Create descriptor pool
+    AppendDescriptorPool();
+}
+
+DescriptorHeap::~DescriptorHeap() = default;
+
+void DescriptorHeap::Allocate(std::size_t begin, std::size_t end) {
+    ASSERT(end - begin == DESCRIPTOR_SET_BATCH);
+    descriptor_sets.resize(end);
+    hashes.resize(end);
+
+    std::array<vk::DescriptorSetLayout, DESCRIPTOR_SET_BATCH> layouts;
+    layouts.fill(*descriptor_set_layout);
+
+    u32 current_pool = 0;
+    vk::DescriptorSetAllocateInfo alloc_info = {
+        .descriptorPool = *pools[current_pool],
+        .descriptorSetCount = DESCRIPTOR_SET_BATCH,
+        .pSetLayouts = layouts.data(),
+    };
+
+    // Attempt to allocate the descriptor set batch. If the pool has run out of space, use a new
+    // one.
+    while (true) {
+        const auto result =
+            device.allocateDescriptorSets(&alloc_info, descriptor_sets.data() + begin);
+        if (result == vk::Result::eSuccess) {
+            break;
+        }
+        if (result == vk::Result::eErrorOutOfPoolMemory) {
+            current_pool++;
+            if (current_pool == pools.size()) {
+                LOG_INFO(Render_Vulkan, "Run out of pools, creating new one!");
+                AppendDescriptorPool();
+            }
+            alloc_info.descriptorPool = *pools[current_pool];
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+vk::DescriptorSet DescriptorHeap::Commit() {
+    const std::size_t index = CommitResource();
+    return descriptor_sets[index];
+}
+
+void DescriptorHeap::AppendDescriptorPool() {
+    const vk::DescriptorPoolCreateInfo pool_info = {
+        .flags = vk::DescriptorPoolCreateFlagBits::eUpdateAfterBind,
+        .maxSets = descriptor_heap_count,
+        .poolSizeCount = static_cast<u32>(pool_sizes.size()),
+        .pPoolSizes = pool_sizes.data(),
+    };
+    auto& pool = pools.emplace_back();
+    pool = device.createDescriptorPoolUnique(pool_info);
+}
+
+} // namespace Vulkan

src/video_core/renderer_vulkan/vk_resource_pool.h

@@ -0,0 +1,93 @@
+// SPDX-FileCopyrightText: Copyright 2024 shadPS4 Emulator Project
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
+
+#pragma once
+
+#include <vector>
+#include <tsl/robin_map.h>
+
+#include "common/types.h"
+#include "video_core/renderer_vulkan/vk_common.h"
+
+namespace Vulkan {
+
+class Instance;
+class MasterSemaphore;
+
+/**
+ * Handles a pool of resources protected by fences. Manages resource overflow allocating more
+ * resources.
+ */
+class ResourcePool {
+public:
+    explicit ResourcePool() = default;
+    explicit ResourcePool(MasterSemaphore* master_semaphore, std::size_t grow_step);
+    virtual ~ResourcePool() = default;
+
+    ResourcePool& operator=(ResourcePool&&) noexcept = default;
+    ResourcePool(ResourcePool&&) noexcept = default;
+
+    ResourcePool& operator=(const ResourcePool&) = default;
+    ResourcePool(const ResourcePool&) = default;
+
+protected:
+    std::size_t CommitResource();
+
+    /// Called when a chunk of resources have to be allocated.
+    virtual void Allocate(std::size_t begin, std::size_t end) = 0;
+
+private:
+    /// Manages pool overflow allocating new resources.
+    std::size_t ManageOverflow();
+
+protected:
+    MasterSemaphore* master_semaphore{nullptr};
+    std::size_t grow_step = 0;     ///< Number of new resources created after an overflow
+    std::size_t hint_iterator = 0; ///< Hint to where the next free resources is likely to be found
+    std::vector<u64> ticks;        ///< Ticks for each resource
+};
+
+class CommandPool final : public ResourcePool {
+public:
+    explicit CommandPool(const Instance& instance, MasterSemaphore* master_semaphore);
+    ~CommandPool() override;
+
+    void Allocate(std::size_t begin, std::size_t end) override;
+
+    vk::CommandBuffer Commit();
+
+private:
+    const Instance& instance;
+    vk::UniqueCommandPool cmd_pool;
+    std::vector<vk::CommandBuffer> cmd_buffers;
+};
+
+class DescriptorHeap final : public ResourcePool {
+public:
+    explicit DescriptorHeap(const Instance& instance, MasterSemaphore* master_semaphore,
+                            std::span<const vk::DescriptorSetLayoutBinding> bindings,
+                            u32 descriptor_heap_count = 1024);
+    ~DescriptorHeap() override;
+
+    const vk::DescriptorSetLayout& Layout() const {
+        return *descriptor_set_layout;
+    }
+
+    void Allocate(std::size_t begin, std::size_t end) override;
+
+    vk::DescriptorSet Commit();
+
+private:
+    void AppendDescriptorPool();
+
+private:
+    vk::Device device;
+    vk::UniqueDescriptorSetLayout descriptor_set_layout;
+    u32 descriptor_heap_count;
+    std::vector<vk::DescriptorPoolSize> pool_sizes;
+    std::vector<vk::UniqueDescriptorPool> pools;
+    std::vector<vk::DescriptorSet> descriptor_sets;
+    std::vector<std::size_t> hashes;
+};
+
+} // namespace Vulkan

src/video_core/renderer_vulkan/vk_scheduler.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,55 @@
+// SPDX-FileCopyrightText: Copyright 2019 yuzu Emulator Project
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
+
+#include <mutex>
+#include "video_core/renderer_vulkan/vk_instance.h"
+#include "video_core/renderer_vulkan/vk_scheduler.h"
+
+namespace Vulkan {
+
+Scheduler::Scheduler(const Instance& instance)
+    : master_semaphore{instance}, command_pool{instance, &master_semaphore} {
+    AllocateWorkerCommandBuffers();
+}
+
+Scheduler::~Scheduler() = default;
+
+void Scheduler::Flush(vk::Semaphore signal, vk::Semaphore wait) {
+    // When flushing, we only send data to the worker thread; no waiting is necessary.
+    SubmitExecution(signal, wait);
+}
+
+void Scheduler::Finish(vk::Semaphore signal, vk::Semaphore wait) {
+    // When finishing, we need to wait for the submission to have executed on the device.
+    const u64 presubmit_tick = CurrentTick();
+    SubmitExecution(signal, wait);
+    Wait(presubmit_tick);
+}
+
+void Scheduler::Wait(u64 tick) {
+    if (tick >= master_semaphore.CurrentTick()) {
+        // Make sure we are not waiting for the current tick without signalling
+        Flush();
+    }
+    master_semaphore.Wait(tick);
+}
+
+void Scheduler::AllocateWorkerCommandBuffers() {
+    const vk::CommandBufferBeginInfo begin_info = {
+        .flags = vk::CommandBufferUsageFlagBits::eOneTimeSubmit,
+    };
+
+    current_cmdbuf = command_pool.Commit();
+    current_cmdbuf.begin(begin_info);
+}
+
+void Scheduler::SubmitExecution(vk::Semaphore signal_semaphore, vk::Semaphore wait_semaphore) {
+    const u64 signal_value = master_semaphore.NextTick();
+
+    std::scoped_lock lk{submit_mutex};
+    master_semaphore.SubmitWork(current_cmdbuf, wait_semaphore, signal_semaphore, signal_value);
+    master_semaphore.Refresh();
+    AllocateWorkerCommandBuffers();
+}
+
+} // namespace Vulkan

src/video_core/renderer_vulkan/vk_scheduler.h

@@ -0,0 +1,63 @@
+// SPDX-FileCopyrightText: Copyright 2019 yuzu Emulator Project
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
+
+#pragma once
+
+#include <condition_variable>
+#include "common/types.h"
+#include "video_core/renderer_vulkan/vk_master_semaphore.h"
+#include "video_core/renderer_vulkan/vk_resource_pool.h"
+
+namespace Vulkan {
+
+class Instance;
+
+class Scheduler {
+public:
+    explicit Scheduler(const Instance& instance);
+    ~Scheduler();
+
+    /// Sends the current execution context to the GPU.
+    void Flush(vk::Semaphore signal = nullptr, vk::Semaphore wait = nullptr);
+
+    /// Sends the current execution context to the GPU and waits for it to complete.
+    void Finish(vk::Semaphore signal = nullptr, vk::Semaphore wait = nullptr);
+
+    /// Waits for the given tick to trigger on the GPU.
+    void Wait(u64 tick);
+
+    /// Returns the current command buffer.
+    vk::CommandBuffer CommandBuffer() const {
+        return current_cmdbuf;
+    }
+
+    /// Returns the current command buffer tick.
+    [[nodiscard]] u64 CurrentTick() const noexcept {
+        return master_semaphore.CurrentTick();
+    }
+
+    /// Returns true when a tick has been triggered by the GPU.
+    [[nodiscard]] bool IsFree(u64 tick) const noexcept {
+        return master_semaphore.IsFree(tick);
+    }
+
+    /// Returns the master timeline semaphore.
+    [[nodiscard]] MasterSemaphore* GetMasterSemaphore() noexcept {
+        return &master_semaphore;
+    }
+
+    std::mutex submit_mutex;
+
+private:
+    void AllocateWorkerCommandBuffers();
+
+    void SubmitExecution(vk::Semaphore signal_semaphore, vk::Semaphore wait_semaphore);
+
+private:
+    MasterSemaphore master_semaphore;
+    CommandPool command_pool;
+    vk::CommandBuffer current_cmdbuf;
+    std::condition_variable_any event_cv;
+};
+
+} // namespace Vulkan

src/video_core/renderer_vulkan/vk_shader_util.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,230 @@
+// SPDX-FileCopyrightText: Copyright 2024 shadPS4 Emulator Project
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
+
+#include <memory>
+#include <SPIRV/GlslangToSpv.h>
+#include <glslang/Include/ResourceLimits.h>
+#include <glslang/Public/ShaderLang.h>
+#include "common/assert.h"
+#include "common/logging/log.h"
+#include "video_core/renderer_vulkan/vk_shader_util.h"
+
+namespace Vulkan {
+
+namespace {
+constexpr TBuiltInResource DefaultTBuiltInResource = {
+    .maxLights = 32,
+    .maxClipPlanes = 6,
+    .maxTextureUnits = 32,
+    .maxTextureCoords = 32,
+    .maxVertexAttribs = 64,
+    .maxVertexUniformComponents = 4096,
+    .maxVaryingFloats = 64,
+    .maxVertexTextureImageUnits = 32,
+    .maxCombinedTextureImageUnits = 80,
+    .maxTextureImageUnits = 32,
+    .maxFragmentUniformComponents = 4096,
+    .maxDrawBuffers = 32,
+    .maxVertexUniformVectors = 128,
+    .maxVaryingVectors = 8,
+    .maxFragmentUniformVectors = 16,
+    .maxVertexOutputVectors = 16,
+    .maxFragmentInputVectors = 15,
+    .minProgramTexelOffset = -8,
+    .maxProgramTexelOffset = 7,
+    .maxClipDistances = 8,
+    .maxComputeWorkGroupCountX = 65535,
+    .maxComputeWorkGroupCountY = 65535,
+    .maxComputeWorkGroupCountZ = 65535,
+    .maxComputeWorkGroupSizeX = 1024,
+    .maxComputeWorkGroupSizeY = 1024,
+    .maxComputeWorkGroupSizeZ = 64,
+    .maxComputeUniformComponents = 1024,
+    .maxComputeTextureImageUnits = 16,
+    .maxComputeImageUniforms = 8,
+    .maxComputeAtomicCounters = 8,
+    .maxComputeAtomicCounterBuffers = 1,
+    .maxVaryingComponents = 60,
+    .maxVertexOutputComponents = 64,
+    .maxGeometryInputComponents = 64,
+    .maxGeometryOutputComponents = 128,
+    .maxFragmentInputComponents = 128,
+    .maxImageUnits = 8,
+    .maxCombinedImageUnitsAndFragmentOutputs = 8,
+    .maxCombinedShaderOutputResources = 8,
+    .maxImageSamples = 0,
+    .maxVertexImageUniforms = 0,
+    .maxTessControlImageUniforms = 0,
+    .maxTessEvaluationImageUniforms = 0,
+    .maxGeometryImageUniforms = 0,
+    .maxFragmentImageUniforms = 8,
+    .maxCombinedImageUniforms = 8,
+    .maxGeometryTextureImageUnits = 16,
+    .maxGeometryOutputVertices = 256,
+    .maxGeometryTotalOutputComponents = 1024,
+    .maxGeometryUniformComponents = 1024,
+    .maxGeometryVaryingComponents = 64,
+    .maxTessControlInputComponents = 128,
+    .maxTessControlOutputComponents = 128,
+    .maxTessControlTextureImageUnits = 16,
+    .maxTessControlUniformComponents = 1024,
+    .maxTessControlTotalOutputComponents = 4096,
+    .maxTessEvaluationInputComponents = 128,
+    .maxTessEvaluationOutputComponents = 128,
+    .maxTessEvaluationTextureImageUnits = 16,
+    .maxTessEvaluationUniformComponents = 1024,
+    .maxTessPatchComponents = 120,
+    .maxPatchVertices = 32,
+    .maxTessGenLevel = 64,
+    .maxViewports = 16,
+    .maxVertexAtomicCounters = 0,
+    .maxTessControlAtomicCounters = 0,
+    .maxTessEvaluationAtomicCounters = 0,
+    .maxGeometryAtomicCounters = 0,
+    .maxFragmentAtomicCounters = 8,
+    .maxCombinedAtomicCounters = 8,
+    .maxAtomicCounterBindings = 1,
+    .maxVertexAtomicCounterBuffers = 0,
+    .maxTessControlAtomicCounterBuffers = 0,
+    .maxTessEvaluationAtomicCounterBuffers = 0,
+    .maxGeometryAtomicCounterBuffers = 0,
+    .maxFragmentAtomicCounterBuffers = 1,
+    .maxCombinedAtomicCounterBuffers = 1,
+    .maxAtomicCounterBufferSize = 16384,
+    .maxTransformFeedbackBuffers = 4,
+    .maxTransformFeedbackInterleavedComponents = 64,
+    .maxCullDistances = 8,
+    .maxCombinedClipAndCullDistances = 8,
+    .maxSamples = 4,
+    .maxMeshOutputVerticesNV = 256,
+    .maxMeshOutputPrimitivesNV = 512,
+    .maxMeshWorkGroupSizeX_NV = 32,
+    .maxMeshWorkGroupSizeY_NV = 1,
+    .maxMeshWorkGroupSizeZ_NV = 1,
+    .maxTaskWorkGroupSizeX_NV = 32,
+    .maxTaskWorkGroupSizeY_NV = 1,
+    .maxTaskWorkGroupSizeZ_NV = 1,
+    .maxMeshViewCountNV = 4,
+    .maxDualSourceDrawBuffersEXT = 1,
+    .limits =
+        TLimits{
+            .nonInductiveForLoops = 1,
+            .whileLoops = 1,
+            .doWhileLoops = 1,
+            .generalUniformIndexing = 1,
+            .generalAttributeMatrixVectorIndexing = 1,
+            .generalVaryingIndexing = 1,
+            .generalSamplerIndexing = 1,
+            .generalVariableIndexing = 1,
+            .generalConstantMatrixVectorIndexing = 1,
+        },
+};
+
+EShLanguage ToEshShaderStage(vk::ShaderStageFlagBits stage) {
+    switch (stage) {
+    case vk::ShaderStageFlagBits::eVertex:
+        return EShLanguage::EShLangVertex;
+    case vk::ShaderStageFlagBits::eGeometry:
+        return EShLanguage::EShLangGeometry;
+    case vk::ShaderStageFlagBits::eFragment:
+        return EShLanguage::EShLangFragment;
+    case vk::ShaderStageFlagBits::eCompute:
+        return EShLanguage::EShLangCompute;
+    default:
+        UNREACHABLE_MSG("Unkown shader stage {}", vk::to_string(stage));
+    }
+    return EShLanguage::EShLangVertex;
+}
+
+bool InitializeCompiler() {
+    static bool glslang_initialized = false;
+
+    if (glslang_initialized) {
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    if (!glslang::InitializeProcess()) {
+        LOG_CRITICAL(Render_Vulkan, "Failed to initialize glslang shader compiler");
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    std::atexit([]() { glslang::FinalizeProcess(); });
+
+    glslang_initialized = true;
+    return true;
+}
+} // Anonymous namespace
+
+vk::ShaderModule Compile(std::string_view code, vk::ShaderStageFlagBits stage, vk::Device device) {
+    if (!InitializeCompiler()) {
+        return {};
+    }
+
+    EProfile profile = ECoreProfile;
+    EShMessages messages =
+        static_cast<EShMessages>(EShMsgDefault | EShMsgSpvRules | EShMsgVulkanRules);
+    EShLanguage lang = ToEshShaderStage(stage);
+
+    const int default_version = 450;
+    const char* pass_source_code = code.data();
+    int pass_source_code_length = static_cast<int>(code.size());
+
+    auto shader = std::make_unique<glslang::TShader>(lang);
+    shader->setEnvTarget(glslang::EShTargetSpv,
+                         glslang::EShTargetLanguageVersion::EShTargetSpv_1_3);
+    shader->setStringsWithLengths(&pass_source_code, &pass_source_code_length, 1);
+
+    glslang::TShader::ForbidIncluder includer;
+    if (!shader->parse(&DefaultTBuiltInResource, default_version, profile, false, true, messages,
+                       includer)) [[unlikely]] {
+        LOG_INFO(Render_Vulkan, "Shader Info Log:\n{}\n{}", shader->getInfoLog(),
+                 shader->getInfoDebugLog());
+        LOG_INFO(Render_Vulkan, "Shader Source:\n{}", code);
+        return {};
+    }
+
+    // Even though there's only a single shader, we still need to link it to generate SPV
+    auto program = std::make_unique<glslang::TProgram>();
+    program->addShader(shader.get());
+    if (!program->link(messages)) {
+        LOG_INFO(Render_Vulkan, "Program Info Log:\n{}\n{}", program->getInfoLog(),
+                 program->getInfoDebugLog());
+        return {};
+    }
+
+    glslang::TIntermediate* intermediate = program->getIntermediate(lang);
+    std::vector<u32> out_code;
+    spv::SpvBuildLogger logger;
+    glslang::SpvOptions options;
+
+    // Enable optimizations on the generated SPIR-V code.
+    options.disableOptimizer = false;
+    options.validate = false;
+    options.optimizeSize = true;
+
+    glslang::GlslangToSpv(*intermediate, out_code, &logger, &options);
+
+    const std::string spv_messages = logger.getAllMessages();
+    if (!spv_messages.empty()) {
+        LOG_INFO(Render_Vulkan, "SPIR-V conversion messages: {}", spv_messages);
+    }
+
+    return CompileSPV(out_code, device);
+}
+
+vk::ShaderModule CompileSPV(std::span<const u32> code, vk::Device device) {
+    const vk::ShaderModuleCreateInfo shader_info = {
+        .codeSize = code.size() * sizeof(u32),
+        .pCode = code.data(),
+    };
+
+    try {
+        return device.createShaderModule(shader_info);
+    } catch (vk::SystemError& err) {
+        UNREACHABLE_MSG("{}", err.what());
+    }
+
+    return {};
+}
+
+} // namespace Vulkan

src/video_core/renderer_vulkan/vk_shader_util.h

@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+// SPDX-FileCopyrightText: Copyright 2024 shadPS4 Emulator Project
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
+
+#pragma once
+
+#include <span>
+
+#include "common/types.h"
+#include "video_core/renderer_vulkan/vk_common.h"
+
+namespace Vulkan {
+
+/**
+ * @brief Creates a vulkan shader module from GLSL by converting it to SPIR-V using glslang.
+ * @param code The string containing GLSL code.
+ * @param stage The pipeline stage the shader will be used in.
+ * @param device The vulkan device handle.
+ */
+vk::ShaderModule Compile(std::string_view code, vk::ShaderStageFlagBits stage, vk::Device device);
+
+/**
+ * @brief Creates a vulkan shader module from SPIR-V bytecode.
+ * @param code The SPIR-V bytecode data.
+ * @param device The vulkan device handle
+ */
+vk::ShaderModule CompileSPV(std::span<const u32> code, vk::Device device);
+
+} // namespace Vulkan

src/video_core/renderer_vulkan/vk_stream_buffer.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,234 @@
+// SPDX-FileCopyrightText: Copyright 2024 shadPS4 Emulator Project
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
+
+#include <algorithm>
+#include "common/alignment.h"
+#include "common/assert.h"
+#include "video_core/renderer_vulkan/vk_instance.h"
+#include "video_core/renderer_vulkan/vk_scheduler.h"
+#include "video_core/renderer_vulkan/vk_stream_buffer.h"
+
+namespace Vulkan {
+
+namespace {
+
+std::string_view BufferTypeName(BufferType type) {
+    switch (type) {
+    case BufferType::Upload:
+        return "Upload";
+    case BufferType::Download:
+        return "Download";
+    case BufferType::Stream:
+        return "Stream";
+    default:
+        return "Invalid";
+    }
+}
+
+vk::MemoryPropertyFlags MakePropertyFlags(BufferType type) {
+    switch (type) {
+    case BufferType::Upload:
+        return vk::MemoryPropertyFlagBits::eHostVisible | vk::MemoryPropertyFlagBits::eHostCoherent;
+    case BufferType::Download:
+        return vk::MemoryPropertyFlagBits::eHostVisible |
+               vk::MemoryPropertyFlagBits::eHostCoherent | vk::MemoryPropertyFlagBits::eHostCached;
+    case BufferType::Stream:
+        return vk::MemoryPropertyFlagBits::eDeviceLocal | vk::MemoryPropertyFlagBits::eHostVisible |
+               vk::MemoryPropertyFlagBits::eHostCoherent;
+    default:
+        UNREACHABLE_MSG("Unknown buffer type {}", static_cast<u32>(type));
+        return vk::MemoryPropertyFlagBits::eHostVisible;
+    }
+}
+
+static std::optional<u32> FindMemoryType(const vk::PhysicalDeviceMemoryProperties& properties,
+                                         vk::MemoryPropertyFlags wanted) {
+    for (u32 i = 0; i < properties.memoryTypeCount; ++i) {
+        const auto flags = properties.memoryTypes[i].propertyFlags;
+        if ((flags & wanted) == wanted) {
+            return i;
+        }
+    }
+    return std::nullopt;
+}
+
+/// Get the preferred host visible memory type.
+u32 GetMemoryType(const vk::PhysicalDeviceMemoryProperties& properties, BufferType type) {
+    vk::MemoryPropertyFlags flags = MakePropertyFlags(type);
+    std::optional preferred_type = FindMemoryType(properties, flags);
+
+    constexpr std::array remove_flags = {
+        vk::MemoryPropertyFlagBits::eHostCached,
+        vk::MemoryPropertyFlagBits::eHostCoherent,
+    };
+
+    for (u32 i = 0; i < remove_flags.size() && !preferred_type; i++) {
+        flags &= ~remove_flags[i];
+        preferred_type = FindMemoryType(properties, flags);
+    }
+    ASSERT_MSG(preferred_type, "No suitable memory type found");
+    return preferred_type.value();
+}
+
+constexpr u64 WATCHES_INITIAL_RESERVE = 0x4000;
+constexpr u64 WATCHES_RESERVE_CHUNK = 0x1000;
+
+} // Anonymous namespace
+
+StreamBuffer::StreamBuffer(const Instance& instance_, Scheduler& scheduler_,
+                           vk::BufferUsageFlags usage_, u64 size, BufferType type_)
+    : instance{instance_}, scheduler{scheduler_}, device{instance.GetDevice()},
+      stream_buffer_size{size}, usage{usage_}, type{type_} {
+    CreateBuffers(size);
+    ReserveWatches(current_watches, WATCHES_INITIAL_RESERVE);
+    ReserveWatches(previous_watches, WATCHES_INITIAL_RESERVE);
+}
+
+StreamBuffer::~StreamBuffer() {
+    device.unmapMemory(memory);
+    device.destroyBuffer(buffer);
+    device.freeMemory(memory);
+}
+
+std::tuple<u8*, u64, bool> StreamBuffer::Map(u64 size, u64 alignment) {
+    if (!is_coherent && type == BufferType::Stream) {
+        size = Common::alignUp(size, instance.NonCoherentAtomSize());
+    }
+
+    ASSERT(size <= stream_buffer_size);
+    mapped_size = size;
+
+    if (alignment > 0) {
+        offset = Common::alignUp(offset, alignment);
+    }
+
+    bool invalidate{false};
+    if (offset + size > stream_buffer_size) {
+        // The buffer would overflow, save the amount of used watches and reset the state.
+        invalidate = true;
+        invalidation_mark = current_watch_cursor;
+        current_watch_cursor = 0;
+        offset = 0;
+
+        // Swap watches and reset waiting cursors.
+        std::swap(previous_watches, current_watches);
+        wait_cursor = 0;
+        wait_bound = 0;
+    }
+
+    const u64 mapped_upper_bound = offset + size;
+    WaitPendingOperations(mapped_upper_bound);
+
+    return std::make_tuple(mapped + offset, offset, invalidate);
+}
+
+void StreamBuffer::Commit(u64 size) {
+    if (!is_coherent && type == BufferType::Stream) {
+        size = Common::alignUp(size, instance.NonCoherentAtomSize());
+    }
+
+    ASSERT_MSG(size <= mapped_size, "Reserved size {} is too small compared to {}", mapped_size,
+               size);
+
+    const vk::MappedMemoryRange range = {
+        .memory = memory,
+        .offset = offset,
+        .size = size,
+    };
+
+    if (!is_coherent && type == BufferType::Download) {
+        device.invalidateMappedMemoryRanges(range);
+    } else if (!is_coherent) {
+        device.flushMappedMemoryRanges(range);
+    }
+
+    offset += size;
+
+    if (current_watch_cursor + 1 >= current_watches.size()) {
+        // Ensure that there are enough watches.
+        ReserveWatches(current_watches, WATCHES_RESERVE_CHUNK);
+    }
+    auto& watch = current_watches[current_watch_cursor++];
+    watch.upper_bound = offset;
+    watch.tick = scheduler.CurrentTick();
+}
+
+void StreamBuffer::CreateBuffers(u64 prefered_size) {
+    const vk::Device device = instance.GetDevice();
+    const auto memory_properties = instance.GetPhysicalDevice().getMemoryProperties();
+    const u32 preferred_type = GetMemoryType(memory_properties, type);
+    const vk::MemoryType mem_type = memory_properties.memoryTypes[preferred_type];
+    const u32 preferred_heap = mem_type.heapIndex;
+    is_coherent =
+        static_cast<bool>(mem_type.propertyFlags & vk::MemoryPropertyFlagBits::eHostCoherent);
+
+    // Substract from the preferred heap size some bytes to avoid getting out of memory.
+    const vk::DeviceSize heap_size = memory_properties.memoryHeaps[preferred_heap].size;
+    // As per DXVK's example, using `heap_size / 2`
+    const vk::DeviceSize allocable_size = heap_size / 2;
+    buffer = device.createBuffer({
+        .size = std::min(prefered_size, allocable_size),
+        .usage = usage,
+    });
+
+    const auto requirements_chain =
+        device
+            .getBufferMemoryRequirements2<vk::MemoryRequirements2, vk::MemoryDedicatedRequirements>(
+                {.buffer = buffer});
+
+    const auto& requirements = requirements_chain.get<vk::MemoryRequirements2>();
+    const auto& dedicated_requirements = requirements_chain.get<vk::MemoryDedicatedRequirements>();
+
+    stream_buffer_size = static_cast<u64>(requirements.memoryRequirements.size);
+
+    LOG_INFO(Render_Vulkan, "Creating {} buffer with size {} KiB with flags {}",
+             BufferTypeName(type), stream_buffer_size / 1024,
+             vk::to_string(mem_type.propertyFlags));
+
+    if (dedicated_requirements.prefersDedicatedAllocation) {
+        vk::StructureChain<vk::MemoryAllocateInfo, vk::MemoryDedicatedAllocateInfo> alloc_chain =
+            {};
+
+        auto& alloc_info = alloc_chain.get<vk::MemoryAllocateInfo>();
+        alloc_info.allocationSize = requirements.memoryRequirements.size;
+        alloc_info.memoryTypeIndex = preferred_type;
+
+        auto& dedicated_alloc_info = alloc_chain.get<vk::MemoryDedicatedAllocateInfo>();
+        dedicated_alloc_info.buffer = buffer;
+
+        memory = device.allocateMemory(alloc_chain.get());
+    } else {
+        memory = device.allocateMemory({
+            .allocationSize = requirements.memoryRequirements.size,
+            .memoryTypeIndex = preferred_type,
+        });
+    }
+
+    device.bindBufferMemory(buffer, memory, 0);
+    mapped = reinterpret_cast<u8*>(device.mapMemory(memory, 0, VK_WHOLE_SIZE));
+
+    if (instance.HasDebuggingToolAttached()) {
+        SetObjectName(device, buffer, "StreamBuffer({}): {} KiB {}", BufferTypeName(type),
+                      stream_buffer_size / 1024, vk::to_string(mem_type.propertyFlags));
+        SetObjectName(device, memory, "StreamBufferMemory({}): {} Kib {}", BufferTypeName(type),
+                      stream_buffer_size / 1024, vk::to_string(mem_type.propertyFlags));
+    }
+}
+
+void StreamBuffer::ReserveWatches(std::vector<Watch>& watches, std::size_t grow_size) {
+    watches.resize(watches.size() + grow_size);
+}
+
+void StreamBuffer::WaitPendingOperations(u64 requested_upper_bound) {
+    if (!invalidation_mark) {
+        return;
+    }
+    while (requested_upper_bound > wait_bound && wait_cursor < *invalidation_mark) {
+        auto& watch = previous_watches[wait_cursor];
+        wait_bound = watch.upper_bound;
+        scheduler.Wait(watch.tick);
+        ++wait_cursor;
+    }
+}
+
+} // namespace Vulkan

src/video_core/renderer_vulkan/vk_stream_buffer.h

@@ -0,0 +1,86 @@
+// SPDX-FileCopyrightText: Copyright 2024 shadPS4 Emulator Project
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
+
+#pragma once
+
+#include <optional>
+#include <span>
+#include <tuple>
+#include <vector>
+#include "common/types.h"
+#include "video_core/renderer_vulkan/vk_common.h"
+
+namespace Vulkan {
+
+enum class BufferType : u32 {
+    Upload = 0,
+    Download = 1,
+    Stream = 2,
+};
+
+class Instance;
+class Scheduler;
+
+class StreamBuffer final {
+    static constexpr std::size_t MAX_BUFFER_VIEWS = 3;
+
+public:
+    explicit StreamBuffer(const Instance& instance, Scheduler& scheduler,
+                          vk::BufferUsageFlags usage, u64 size,
+                          BufferType type = BufferType::Stream);
+    ~StreamBuffer();
+
+    /**
+     * Reserves a region of memory from the stream buffer.
+     * @param size Size to reserve.
+     * @returns A pair of a raw memory pointer (with offset added), and the buffer offset
+     */
+    std::tuple<u8*, u64, bool> Map(u64 size, u64 alignment);
+
+    /// Ensures that "size" bytes of memory are available to the GPU, potentially recording a copy.
+    void Commit(u64 size);
+
+    vk::Buffer Handle() const noexcept {
+        return buffer;
+    }
+
+private:
+    struct Watch {
+        u64 tick{};
+        u64 upper_bound{};
+    };
+
+    /// Creates Vulkan buffer handles committing the required the required memory.
+    void CreateBuffers(u64 prefered_size);
+
+    /// Increases the amount of watches available.
+    void ReserveWatches(std::vector<Watch>& watches, std::size_t grow_size);
+
+    void WaitPendingOperations(u64 requested_upper_bound);
+
+private:
+    const Instance& instance; ///< Vulkan instance.
+    Scheduler& scheduler;     ///< Command scheduler.
+
+    vk::Device device;
+    vk::Buffer buffer;        ///< Mapped buffer.
+    vk::DeviceMemory memory;  ///< Memory allocation.
+    u8* mapped{};             ///< Pointer to the mapped memory
+    u64 stream_buffer_size{}; ///< Stream buffer size.
+    vk::BufferUsageFlags usage{};
+    BufferType type;
+
+    u64 offset{};       ///< Buffer iterator.
+    u64 mapped_size{};  ///< Size reserved for the current copy.
+    bool is_coherent{}; ///< True if the buffer is coherent
+
+    std::vector<Watch> current_watches;           ///< Watches recorded in the current iteration.
+    std::size_t current_watch_cursor{};           ///< Count of watches, reset on invalidation.
+    std::optional<std::size_t> invalidation_mark; ///< Number of watches used in the previous cycle.
+
+    std::vector<Watch> previous_watches; ///< Watches used in the previous iteration.
+    std::size_t wait_cursor{};           ///< Last watch being waited for completion.
+    u64 wait_bound{};                    ///< Highest offset being watched for completion.
+};
+
+} // namespace Vulkan

src/video_core/renderer_vulkan/vk_swapchain.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,225 @@
+// SPDX-FileCopyrightText: Copyright 2024 shadPS4 Emulator Project
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
+
+#include <algorithm>
+#include <limits>
+#include "common/assert.h"
+#include "common/logging/log.h"
+#include "sdl_window.h"
+#include "video_core/renderer_vulkan/vk_instance.h"
+#include "video_core/renderer_vulkan/vk_swapchain.h"
+
+namespace Vulkan {
+
+Swapchain::Swapchain(const Instance& instance_, const Frontend::WindowSDL& window)
+    : instance{instance_}, surface{CreateSurface(instance.GetInstance(), window)} {
+    FindPresentFormat();
+    Create(window.getWidth(), window.getHeight(), surface);
+}
+
+Swapchain::~Swapchain() {
+    Destroy();
+    instance.GetInstance().destroySurfaceKHR(surface);
+}
+
+void Swapchain::Create(u32 width_, u32 height_, vk::SurfaceKHR surface_) {
+    width = width_;
+    height = height_;
+    surface = surface_;
+    needs_recreation = false;
+
+    Destroy();
+
+    SetSurfaceProperties();
+
+    const std::array queue_family_indices = {
+        instance.GetGraphicsQueueFamilyIndex(),
+        instance.GetPresentQueueFamilyIndex(),
+    };
+
+    const bool exclusive = queue_family_indices[0] == queue_family_indices[1];
+    const u32 queue_family_indices_count = exclusive ? 1u : 2u;
+    const vk::SharingMode sharing_mode =
+        exclusive ? vk::SharingMode::eExclusive : vk::SharingMode::eConcurrent;
+    const vk::SwapchainCreateInfoKHR swapchain_info = {
+        .surface = surface,
+        .minImageCount = image_count,
+        .imageFormat = surface_format.format,
+        .imageColorSpace = surface_format.colorSpace,
+        .imageExtent = extent,
+        .imageArrayLayers = 1,
+        .imageUsage = vk::ImageUsageFlagBits::eColorAttachment |
+                      vk::ImageUsageFlagBits::eTransferSrc | vk::ImageUsageFlagBits::eTransferDst,
+        .imageSharingMode = sharing_mode,
+        .queueFamilyIndexCount = queue_family_indices_count,
+        .pQueueFamilyIndices = queue_family_indices.data(),
+        .preTransform = transform,
+        .compositeAlpha = composite_alpha,
+        .presentMode = vk::PresentModeKHR::eMailbox,
+        .clipped = true,
+        .oldSwapchain = nullptr,
+    };
+
+    try {
+        swapchain = instance.GetDevice().createSwapchainKHR(swapchain_info);
+    } catch (vk::SystemError& err) {
+        LOG_CRITICAL(Render_Vulkan, "{}", err.what());
+        UNREACHABLE();
+    }
+
+    SetupImages();
+    RefreshSemaphores();
+}
+
+bool Swapchain::AcquireNextImage() {
+    vk::Device device = instance.GetDevice();
+    vk::Result result =
+        device.acquireNextImageKHR(swapchain, std::numeric_limits<u64>::max(),
+                                   image_acquired[frame_index], VK_NULL_HANDLE, &image_index);
+
+    switch (result) {
+    case vk::Result::eSuccess:
+        break;
+    case vk::Result::eSuboptimalKHR:
+    case vk::Result::eErrorSurfaceLostKHR:
+    case vk::Result::eErrorOutOfDateKHR:
+        needs_recreation = true;
+        break;
+    default:
+        LOG_CRITICAL(Render_Vulkan, "Swapchain acquire returned unknown result {}",
+                     vk::to_string(result));
+        UNREACHABLE();
+        break;
+    }
+
+    return !needs_recreation;
+}
+
+void Swapchain::Present() {
+    if (needs_recreation) {
+        return;
+    }
+
+    const vk::PresentInfoKHR present_info = {
+        .waitSemaphoreCount = 1,
+        .pWaitSemaphores = &present_ready[image_index],
+        .swapchainCount = 1,
+        .pSwapchains = &swapchain,
+        .pImageIndices = &image_index,
+    };
+
+    try {
+        [[maybe_unused]] vk::Result result = instance.GetPresentQueue().presentKHR(present_info);
+    } catch (vk::OutOfDateKHRError&) {
+        needs_recreation = true;
+    } catch (const vk::SystemError& err) {
+        LOG_CRITICAL(Render_Vulkan, "Swapchain presentation failed {}", err.what());
+        UNREACHABLE();
+    }
+
+    frame_index = (frame_index + 1) % image_count;
+}
+
+void Swapchain::FindPresentFormat() {
+    const auto formats = instance.GetPhysicalDevice().getSurfaceFormatsKHR(surface);
+
+    // If there is a single undefined surface format, the device doesn't care, so we'll just use
+    // RGBA.
+    if (formats[0].format == vk::Format::eUndefined) {
+        surface_format.format = vk::Format::eR8G8B8A8Unorm;
+        surface_format.colorSpace = vk::ColorSpaceKHR::eSrgbNonlinear;
+        return;
+    }
+
+    // Try to find a suitable format.
+    for (const vk::SurfaceFormatKHR& sformat : formats) {
+        vk::Format format = sformat.format;
+        if (format != vk::Format::eR8G8B8A8Unorm && format != vk::Format::eB8G8R8A8Unorm) {
+            continue;
+        }
+
+        surface_format.format = format;
+        surface_format.colorSpace = sformat.colorSpace;
+        return;
+    }
+
+    UNREACHABLE_MSG("Unable to find required swapchain format!");
+}
+
+void Swapchain::SetSurfaceProperties() {
+    const vk::SurfaceCapabilitiesKHR capabilities =
+        instance.GetPhysicalDevice().getSurfaceCapabilitiesKHR(surface);
+
+    extent = capabilities.currentExtent;
+    if (capabilities.currentExtent.width == std::numeric_limits<u32>::max()) {
+        extent.width = std::max(capabilities.minImageExtent.width,
+                                std::min(capabilities.maxImageExtent.width, width));
+        extent.height = std::max(capabilities.minImageExtent.height,
+                                 std::min(capabilities.maxImageExtent.height, height));
+    }
+
+    // Select number of images in swap chain, we prefer one buffer in the background to work on
+    image_count = capabilities.minImageCount + 1;
+    if (capabilities.maxImageCount > 0) {
+        image_count = std::min(image_count, capabilities.maxImageCount);
+    }
+
+    // Prefer identity transform if possible
+    transform = vk::SurfaceTransformFlagBitsKHR::eIdentity;
+    if (!(capabilities.supportedTransforms & transform)) {
+        transform = capabilities.currentTransform;
+    }
+
+    // Opaque is not supported everywhere.
+    composite_alpha = vk::CompositeAlphaFlagBitsKHR::eOpaque;
+    if (!(capabilities.supportedCompositeAlpha & vk::CompositeAlphaFlagBitsKHR::eOpaque)) {
+        composite_alpha = vk::CompositeAlphaFlagBitsKHR::eInherit;
+    }
+}
+
+void Swapchain::Destroy() {
+    vk::Device device = instance.GetDevice();
+    if (swapchain) {
+        device.destroySwapchainKHR(swapchain);
+    }
+    for (u32 i = 0; i < image_count; i++) {
+        device.destroySemaphore(image_acquired[i]);
+        device.destroySemaphore(present_ready[i]);
+    }
+    image_acquired.clear();
+    present_ready.clear();
+}
+
+void Swapchain::RefreshSemaphores() {
+    const vk::Device device = instance.GetDevice();
+    image_acquired.resize(image_count);
+    present_ready.resize(image_count);
+
+    for (vk::Semaphore& semaphore : image_acquired) {
+        semaphore = device.createSemaphore({});
+    }
+    for (vk::Semaphore& semaphore : present_ready) {
+        semaphore = device.createSemaphore({});
+    }
+
+    if (instance.HasDebuggingToolAttached()) {
+        for (u32 i = 0; i < image_count; ++i) {
+            SetObjectName(device, image_acquired[i], "Swapchain Semaphore: image_acquired {}", i);
+            SetObjectName(device, present_ready[i], "Swapchain Semaphore: present_ready {}", i);
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+void Swapchain::SetupImages() {
+    vk::Device device = instance.GetDevice();
+    images = device.getSwapchainImagesKHR(swapchain);
+    image_count = static_cast<u32>(images.size());
+
+    if (instance.HasDebuggingToolAttached()) {
+        for (u32 i = 0; i < image_count; ++i) {
+            SetObjectName(device, images[i], "Swapchain Image {}", i);
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+} // namespace Vulkan

src/video_core/renderer_vulkan/vk_swapchain.h

@@ -0,0 +1,113 @@
+// SPDX-FileCopyrightText: Copyright 2024 shadPS4 Emulator Project
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
+
+#pragma once
+
+#include <mutex>
+#include <vector>
+#include "common/types.h"
+#include "video_core/renderer_vulkan/vk_common.h"
+
+namespace Frontend {
+class WindowSDL;
+}
+
+namespace Vulkan {
+
+class Instance;
+class Scheduler;
+
+class Swapchain {
+public:
+    explicit Swapchain(const Instance& instance, const Frontend::WindowSDL& window);
+    ~Swapchain();
+
+    /// Creates (or recreates) the swapchain with a given size.
+    void Create(u32 width, u32 height, vk::SurfaceKHR surface);
+
+    /// Acquires the next image in the swapchain.
+    bool AcquireNextImage();
+
+    /// Presents the current image and move to the next one
+    void Present();
+
+    vk::SurfaceKHR GetSurface() const {
+        return surface;
+    }
+
+    vk::Image Image() const {
+        return images[image_index];
+    }
+
+    vk::SurfaceFormatKHR GetSurfaceFormat() const {
+        return surface_format;
+    }
+
+    vk::SwapchainKHR GetHandle() const {
+        return swapchain;
+    }
+
+    u32 GetWidth() const {
+        return width;
+    }
+
+    u32 GetHeight() const {
+        return height;
+    }
+
+    u32 GetImageCount() const {
+        return image_count;
+    }
+
+    u32 GetFrameIndex() const {
+        return frame_index;
+    }
+
+    vk::Extent2D GetExtent() const {
+        return extent;
+    }
+
+    [[nodiscard]] vk::Semaphore GetImageAcquiredSemaphore() const {
+        return image_acquired[frame_index];
+    }
+
+    [[nodiscard]] vk::Semaphore GetPresentReadySemaphore() const {
+        return present_ready[image_index];
+    }
+
+private:
+    /// Selects the best available swapchain image format
+    void FindPresentFormat();
+
+    /// Sets the surface properties according to device capabilities
+    void SetSurfaceProperties();
+
+    /// Destroys current swapchain resources
+    void Destroy();
+
+    /// Performs creation of image views and framebuffers from the swapchain images
+    void SetupImages();
+
+    /// Creates the image acquired and present ready semaphores
+    void RefreshSemaphores();
+
+private:
+    const Instance& instance;
+    vk::SwapchainKHR swapchain{};
+    vk::SurfaceKHR surface{};
+    vk::SurfaceFormatKHR surface_format;
+    vk::Extent2D extent;
+    vk::SurfaceTransformFlagBitsKHR transform;
+    vk::CompositeAlphaFlagBitsKHR composite_alpha;
+    std::vector<vk::Image> images;
+    std::vector<vk::Semaphore> image_acquired;
+    std::vector<vk::Semaphore> present_ready;
+    u32 width = 0;
+    u32 height = 0;
+    u32 image_count = 0;
+    u32 image_index = 0;
+    u32 frame_index = 0;
+    bool needs_recreation = true;
+};
+
+} // namespace Vulkan

src/video_core/texture_cache/image.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,152 @@
+// SPDX-FileCopyrightText: Copyright 2024 shadPS4 Emulator Project
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
+
+#include "common/assert.h"
+#include "common/config.h"
+#include "video_core/renderer_vulkan/vk_instance.h"
+#include "video_core/renderer_vulkan/vk_scheduler.h"
+#include "video_core/texture_cache/image.h"
+
+#include <vk_mem_alloc.h>
+
+namespace VideoCore {
+
+using namespace Vulkan;
+using VideoOutFormat = Libraries::VideoOut::PixelFormat;
+using Libraries::VideoOut::TilingMode;
+
+[[nodiscard]] vk::Format ConvertPixelFormat(const VideoOutFormat format) {
+    switch (format) {
+    case VideoOutFormat::A8R8G8B8Srgb:
+        return vk::Format::eB8G8R8A8Srgb;
+    case VideoOutFormat::A8B8G8R8Srgb:
+        return vk::Format::eA8B8G8R8SrgbPack32;
+    case VideoOutFormat::A2R10G10B10:
+    case VideoOutFormat::A2R10G10B10Srgb:
+        return vk::Format::eA2R10G10B10UnormPack32;
+    default:
+        break;
+    }
+    UNREACHABLE_MSG("Unknown format={}", static_cast<u32>(format));
+    return {};
+}
+
+[[nodiscard]] vk::ImageUsageFlags ImageUsageFlags(const vk::Format format) {
+    vk::ImageUsageFlags usage = vk::ImageUsageFlagBits::eTransferSrc |
+                                vk::ImageUsageFlagBits::eTransferDst |
+                                vk::ImageUsageFlagBits::eSampled;
+    if (false /*&& IsDepthStencilFormat(format)*/) {
+        usage |= vk::ImageUsageFlagBits::eDepthStencilAttachment;
+    } else {
+        // usage |= vk::ImageUsageFlagBits::eColorAttachment | vk::ImageUsageFlagBits::eStorage;
+    }
+    return usage;
+}
+
+ImageInfo::ImageInfo(const Libraries::VideoOut::BufferAttributeGroup& group) noexcept {
+    const auto& attrib = group.attrib;
+    is_tiled = attrib.tiling_mode == TilingMode::Tile;
+    pixel_format = ConvertPixelFormat(attrib.pixel_format);
+    type = vk::ImageType::e2D;
+    size.width = attrib.width;
+    size.height = attrib.height;
+    pitch = attrib.tiling_mode == TilingMode::Linear ? size.width : (size.width + 127) >> 7;
+    const bool is_32bpp = pixel_format == vk::Format::eB8G8R8A8Srgb ||
+                          pixel_format == vk::Format::eA8B8G8R8SrgbPack32;
+    ASSERT(is_32bpp);
+    if (!is_tiled) {
+        guest_size_bytes = pitch * size.height * 4;
+        return;
+    }
+    if (Config::isNeoMode()) {
+        guest_size_bytes = pitch * 128 * ((size.height + 127) & (~127)) * 4;
+    } else {
+        guest_size_bytes = pitch * 128 * ((size.height + 63) & (~63)) * 4;
+    }
+}
+
+UniqueImage::UniqueImage(vk::Device device_, VmaAllocator allocator_)
+    : device{device_}, allocator{allocator_} {}
+
+UniqueImage::~UniqueImage() {
+    if (image) {
+        vmaDestroyImage(allocator, image, allocation);
+    }
+}
+
+void UniqueImage::Create(const vk::ImageCreateInfo& image_ci) {
+    const VmaAllocationCreateInfo alloc_info = {
+        .flags = VMA_ALLOCATION_CREATE_WITHIN_BUDGET_BIT,
+        .usage = VMA_MEMORY_USAGE_AUTO_PREFER_DEVICE,
+        .requiredFlags = 0,
+        .preferredFlags = 0,
+        .pool = VK_NULL_HANDLE,
+        .pUserData = nullptr,
+    };
+
+    const VkImageCreateInfo image_ci_unsafe = static_cast<VkImageCreateInfo>(image_ci);
+    VkImage unsafe_image{};
+    VkResult result = vmaCreateImage(allocator, &image_ci_unsafe, &alloc_info, &unsafe_image,
+                                     &allocation, nullptr);
+    ASSERT_MSG(result == VK_SUCCESS, "Failed allocating image with error {}",
+               vk::to_string(vk::Result{result}));
+    image = vk::Image{unsafe_image};
+}
+
+Image::Image(const Vulkan::Instance& instance_, Vulkan::Scheduler& scheduler_,
+             const ImageInfo& info_, VAddr cpu_addr)
+    : instance{&instance_}, scheduler{&scheduler_}, info{info_}, image{instance->GetDevice(),
+                                                                       instance->GetAllocator()},
+      cpu_addr{cpu_addr}, cpu_addr_end{cpu_addr + info.guest_size_bytes} {
+    vk::ImageCreateFlags flags{};
+    if (info.type == vk::ImageType::e2D && info.resources.layers >= 6 &&
+        info.size.width == info.size.height) {
+        flags |= vk::ImageCreateFlagBits::eCubeCompatible;
+    }
+    if (info.type == vk::ImageType::e3D) {
+        flags |= vk::ImageCreateFlagBits::e2DArrayCompatible;
+    }
+    const vk::ImageCreateInfo image_ci = {
+        .flags = flags,
+        .imageType = info.type,
+        .format = info.pixel_format,
+        .extent{
+            .width = info.size.width,
+            .height = info.size.height,
+            .depth = info.size.depth,
+        },
+        .mipLevels = static_cast<u32>(info.resources.levels),
+        .arrayLayers = static_cast<u32>(info.resources.layers),
+        .tiling = vk::ImageTiling::eOptimal,
+        .usage = ImageUsageFlags(info.pixel_format),
+        .initialLayout = vk::ImageLayout::eUndefined,
+    };
+
+    image.Create(image_ci);
+
+    const vk::ImageMemoryBarrier init_barrier = {
+        .srcAccessMask = vk::AccessFlagBits::eNone,
+        .dstAccessMask = vk::AccessFlagBits::eNone,
+        .oldLayout = vk::ImageLayout::eUndefined,
+        .newLayout = vk::ImageLayout::eGeneral,
+        .srcQueueFamilyIndex = VK_QUEUE_FAMILY_IGNORED,
+        .dstQueueFamilyIndex = VK_QUEUE_FAMILY_IGNORED,
+        .image = image,
+        .subresourceRange{
+            .aspectMask = vk::ImageAspectFlagBits::eColor,
+            .baseMipLevel = 0,
+            .levelCount = VK_REMAINING_MIP_LEVELS,
+            .baseArrayLayer = 0,
+            .layerCount = VK_REMAINING_ARRAY_LAYERS,
+        },
+    };
+
+    const auto cmdbuf = scheduler->CommandBuffer();
+    cmdbuf.pipelineBarrier(vk::PipelineStageFlagBits::eTopOfPipe,
+                           vk::PipelineStageFlagBits::eTopOfPipe, vk::DependencyFlagBits::eByRegion,
+                           {}, {}, init_barrier);
+}
+
+Image::~Image() = default;
+
+} // namespace VideoCore

src/video_core/texture_cache/image.h

@@ -0,0 +1,114 @@
+// SPDX-FileCopyrightText: Copyright 2024 shadPS4 Emulator Project
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
+
+#pragma once
+
+#include "common/enum.h"
+#include "common/types.h"
+#include "core/libraries/videoout/buffer.h"
+#include "video_core/pixel_format.h"
+#include "video_core/renderer_vulkan/vk_common.h"
+#include "video_core/texture_cache/types.h"
+
+namespace Vulkan {
+class Instance;
+class Scheduler;
+} // namespace Vulkan
+
+VK_DEFINE_HANDLE(VmaAllocation)
+VK_DEFINE_HANDLE(VmaAllocator)
+
+namespace VideoCore {
+
+enum ImageFlagBits : u32 {
+    CpuModified = 1 << 2, ///< Contents have been modified from the CPU
+    GpuModified = 1 << 3, ///< Contents have been modified from the GPU
+    Tracked = 1 << 4,     ///< Writes and reads are being hooked from the CPU
+    Registered = 1 << 6,  ///< True when the image is registered
+    Picked = 1 << 7,      ///< Temporary flag to mark the image as picked
+};
+DECLARE_ENUM_FLAG_OPERATORS(ImageFlagBits)
+
+struct ImageInfo {
+    ImageInfo() = default;
+    explicit ImageInfo(const Libraries::VideoOut::BufferAttributeGroup& group) noexcept;
+
+    bool is_tiled = false;
+    vk::Format pixel_format = vk::Format::eUndefined;
+    vk::ImageType type = vk::ImageType::e1D;
+    SubresourceExtent resources;
+    Extent3D size{1, 1, 1};
+    u32 pitch = 0;
+    u32 guest_size_bytes = 0;
+};
+
+struct Handle {
+    VmaAllocation allocation;
+    VkImage image;
+
+    Handle() = default;
+
+    Handle(Handle&& other)
+        : image{std::exchange(other.image, VK_NULL_HANDLE)},
+          allocation{std::exchange(other.allocation, VK_NULL_HANDLE)} {}
+
+    Handle& operator=(Handle&& other) {
+        image = std::exchange(other.image, VK_NULL_HANDLE);
+        allocation = std::exchange(other.allocation, VK_NULL_HANDLE);
+        return *this;
+    }
+};
+
+struct UniqueImage {
+    explicit UniqueImage(vk::Device device, VmaAllocator allocator);
+    ~UniqueImage();
+
+    UniqueImage(const UniqueImage&) = delete;
+    UniqueImage& operator=(const UniqueImage&) = delete;
+
+    UniqueImage(UniqueImage&& other) : image{std::exchange(other.image, VK_NULL_HANDLE)} {}
+    UniqueImage& operator=(UniqueImage&& other) {
+        image = std::exchange(other.image, VK_NULL_HANDLE);
+        return *this;
+    }
+
+    void Create(const vk::ImageCreateInfo& image_ci);
+
+    operator vk::Image() const {
+        return image;
+    }
+
+private:
+    vk::Device device;
+    VmaAllocator allocator;
+    VmaAllocation allocation;
+    vk::Image image{};
+};
+
+struct Image {
+    explicit Image(const Vulkan::Instance& instance, Vulkan::Scheduler& scheduler,
+                   const ImageInfo& info, VAddr cpu_addr);
+    ~Image();
+
+    Image(const Image&) = delete;
+    Image& operator=(const Image&) = delete;
+
+    Image(Image&&) = default;
+    Image& operator=(Image&&) = default;
+
+    [[nodiscard]] bool Overlaps(VAddr overlap_cpu_addr, size_t overlap_size) const noexcept {
+        const VAddr overlap_end = overlap_cpu_addr + overlap_size;
+        return cpu_addr < overlap_end && overlap_cpu_addr < cpu_addr_end;
+    }
+
+    const Vulkan::Instance* instance;
+    Vulkan::Scheduler* scheduler;
+    ImageInfo info;
+    UniqueImage image;
+    vk::ImageAspectFlags aspect_mask;
+    ImageFlagBits flags = ImageFlagBits::CpuModified;
+    VAddr cpu_addr = 0;
+    VAddr cpu_addr_end = 0;
+};
+
+} // namespace VideoCore

src/video_core/texture_cache/image_view.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,61 @@
+// SPDX-FileCopyrightText: Copyright 2024 shadPS4 Emulator Project
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
+
+#include "video_core/renderer_vulkan/vk_instance.h"
+#include "video_core/texture_cache/image_view.h"
+
+namespace VideoCore {
+
+[[nodiscard]] vk::ImageViewType ConvertImageViewType(const ImageViewType type) {
+    switch (type) {
+    case ImageViewType::e1D:
+        return vk::ImageViewType::e1D;
+    case ImageViewType::e2D:
+        return vk::ImageViewType::e2D;
+    case ImageViewType::e3D:
+        return vk::ImageViewType::e3D;
+    case ImageViewType::Buffer:
+        break;
+    default:
+        break;
+    }
+    UNREACHABLE_MSG("Invalid image type={}", static_cast<u32>(type));
+    return {};
+}
+
+[[nodiscard]] vk::Format ConvertPixelFormat(const PixelFormat format) {
+    switch (format) {
+    default:
+        break;
+    }
+    UNREACHABLE_MSG("Unknown format={}", static_cast<u32>(format));
+    return {};
+}
+
+ImageView::ImageView(const Vulkan::Instance& instance, Vulkan::Scheduler& scheduler,
+                     const ImageViewInfo& info_, vk::Image image)
+    : info{info_} {
+    const vk::ImageViewCreateInfo image_view_ci = {
+        .image = image,
+        .viewType = ConvertImageViewType(info.type),
+        .format = ConvertPixelFormat(info.format),
+        .components{
+            .r = vk::ComponentSwizzle::eIdentity,
+            .g = vk::ComponentSwizzle::eIdentity,
+            .b = vk::ComponentSwizzle::eIdentity,
+            .a = vk::ComponentSwizzle::eIdentity,
+        },
+        .subresourceRange{
+            .aspectMask = vk::ImageAspectFlagBits::eColor,
+            .baseMipLevel = 0U,
+            .levelCount = 1,
+            .baseArrayLayer = 0,
+            .layerCount = VK_REMAINING_ARRAY_LAYERS,
+        },
+    };
+    image_view = instance.GetDevice().createImageViewUnique(image_view_ci);
+}
+
+ImageView::~ImageView() = default;
+
+} // namespace VideoCore

src/video_core/texture_cache/image_view.h

@@ -0,0 +1,58 @@
+// SPDX-FileCopyrightText: Copyright 2024 shadPS4 Emulator Project
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
+
+#pragma once
+
+#include "video_core/pixel_format.h"
+#include "video_core/renderer_vulkan/vk_common.h"
+#include "video_core/texture_cache/types.h"
+
+namespace Vulkan {
+class Instance;
+class Scheduler;
+} // namespace Vulkan
+
+namespace VideoCore {
+
+enum class ImageViewType : u32 {
+    e1D,
+    e2D,
+    Cube,
+    e3D,
+    e1DArray,
+    e2DArray,
+    CubeArray,
+    Buffer,
+};
+
+enum class SwizzleSource : u32 {
+    Zero = 0,
+    One = 1,
+    R = 2,
+    G = 3,
+    B = 4,
+    A = 5,
+};
+
+struct ImageViewInfo {
+    ImageViewType type{};
+    PixelFormat format{};
+    SubresourceRange range;
+    u8 x_source = static_cast<u8>(SwizzleSource::R);
+    u8 y_source = static_cast<u8>(SwizzleSource::G);
+    u8 z_source = static_cast<u8>(SwizzleSource::B);
+    u8 w_source = static_cast<u8>(SwizzleSource::A);
+};
+
+class ImageView {
+    explicit ImageView(const Vulkan::Instance& instance, Vulkan::Scheduler& scheduler,
+                       const ImageViewInfo& info, vk::Image image);
+    ~ImageView();
+
+    ImageId image_id{};
+    Extent3D size{0, 0, 0};
+    ImageViewInfo info{};
+    vk::UniqueImageView image_view;
+};
+
+} // namespace VideoCore

src/video_core/texture_cache/slot_vector.h

@@ -0,0 +1,176 @@
+// SPDX-FileCopyrightText: Copyright 2020 yuzu Emulator Project
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
+
+#pragma once
+
+#include <bit>
+#include <compare>
+#include <numeric>
+#include <type_traits>
+#include <utility>
+#include <vector>
+#include "common/assert.h"
+#include "common/types.h"
+
+namespace VideoCore {
+
+struct SlotId {
+    static constexpr u32 INVALID_INDEX = std::numeric_limits<u32>::max();
+
+    constexpr auto operator<=>(const SlotId&) const noexcept = default;
+
+    constexpr explicit operator bool() const noexcept {
+        return index != INVALID_INDEX;
+    }
+
+    u32 index = INVALID_INDEX;
+};
+
+template <class T>
+class SlotVector {
+    constexpr static std::size_t InitialCapacity = 1024;
+
+public:
+    SlotVector() {
+        Reserve(InitialCapacity);
+    }
+
+    ~SlotVector() noexcept {
+        std::size_t index = 0;
+        for (u64 bits : stored_bitset) {
+            for (std::size_t bit = 0; bits; ++bit, bits >>= 1) {
+                if ((bits & 1) != 0) {
+                    values[index + bit].object.~T();
+                }
+            }
+            index += 64;
+        }
+        delete[] values;
+    }
+
+    [[nodiscard]] T& operator[](SlotId id) noexcept {
+        ValidateIndex(id);
+        return values[id.index].object;
+    }
+
+    [[nodiscard]] const T& operator[](SlotId id) const noexcept {
+        ValidateIndex(id);
+        return values[id.index].object;
+    }
+
+    template <typename... Args>
+    [[nodiscard]] SlotId insert(Args&&... args) noexcept {
+        const u32 index = FreeValueIndex();
+        new (&values[index].object) T(std::forward<Args>(args)...);
+        SetStorageBit(index);
+
+        return SlotId{index};
+    }
+
+    template <typename... Args>
+    [[nodiscard]] SlotId swap_and_insert(SlotId existing_id, Args&&... args) noexcept {
+        const u32 index = FreeValueIndex();
+        T& existing_value = values[existing_id.index].object;
+
+        new (&values[index].object) T(std::move(existing_value));
+        existing_value.~T();
+        new (&values[existing_id.index].object) T(std::forward<Args>(args)...);
+        SetStorageBit(index);
+
+        return SlotId{index};
+    }
+
+    void erase(SlotId id) noexcept {
+        values[id.index].object.~T();
+        free_list.push_back(id.index);
+        ResetStorageBit(id.index);
+    }
+
+    std::size_t size() const noexcept {
+        return values_capacity - free_list.size();
+    }
+
+private:
+    struct NonTrivialDummy {
+        NonTrivialDummy() noexcept {}
+    };
+
+    union Entry {
+        Entry() noexcept : dummy{} {}
+        ~Entry() noexcept {}
+
+        NonTrivialDummy dummy;
+        T object;
+    };
+
+    void SetStorageBit(u32 index) noexcept {
+        stored_bitset[index / 64] |= u64(1) << (index % 64);
+    }
+
+    void ResetStorageBit(u32 index) noexcept {
+        stored_bitset[index / 64] &= ~(u64(1) << (index % 64));
+    }
+
+    bool ReadStorageBit(u32 index) noexcept {
+        return ((stored_bitset[index / 64] >> (index % 64)) & 1) != 0;
+    }
+
+    void ValidateIndex([[maybe_unused]] SlotId id) const noexcept {
+        DEBUG_ASSERT(id);
+        DEBUG_ASSERT(id.index / 64 < stored_bitset.size());
+        DEBUG_ASSERT(((stored_bitset[id.index / 64] >> (id.index % 64)) & 1) != 0);
+    }
+
+    [[nodiscard]] u32 FreeValueIndex() noexcept {
+        if (free_list.empty()) {
+            Reserve(values_capacity ? (values_capacity << 1) : 1);
+        }
+
+        const u32 free_index = free_list.back();
+        free_list.pop_back();
+        return free_index;
+    }
+
+    void Reserve(std::size_t new_capacity) noexcept {
+        Entry* const new_values = new Entry[new_capacity];
+        std::size_t index = 0;
+        for (u64 bits : stored_bitset) {
+            for (std::size_t bit = 0; bits; ++bit, bits >>= 1) {
+                const std::size_t i = index + bit;
+                if ((bits & 1) == 0) {
+                    continue;
+                }
+                T& old_value = values[i].object;
+                new (&new_values[i].object) T(std::move(old_value));
+                old_value.~T();
+            }
+            index += 64;
+        }
+
+        stored_bitset.resize((new_capacity + 63) / 64);
+
+        const std::size_t old_free_size = free_list.size();
+        free_list.resize(old_free_size + (new_capacity - values_capacity));
+        std::iota(free_list.begin() + old_free_size, free_list.end(),
+                  static_cast<u32>(values_capacity));
+
+        delete[] values;
+        values = new_values;
+        values_capacity = new_capacity;
+    }
+
+    Entry* values = nullptr;
+    std::size_t values_capacity = 0;
+
+    std::vector<u64> stored_bitset;
+    std::vector<u32> free_list;
+};
+
+} // namespace VideoCore
+
+template <>
+struct std::hash<VideoCore::SlotId> {
+    std::size_t operator()(const VideoCore::SlotId& id) const noexcept {
+        return std::hash<u32>{}(id.index);
+    }
+};

src/video_core/texture_cache/texture_cache.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,277 @@
+// SPDX-FileCopyrightText: Copyright 2024 shadPS4 Emulator Project
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
+
+#include "common/assert.h"
+#include "common/config.h"
+#include "core/libraries/videoout/buffer.h"
+#include "video_core/renderer_vulkan/vk_scheduler.h"
+#include "video_core/texture_cache/texture_cache.h"
+#include "video_core/texture_cache/tile_manager.h"
+
+#ifndef _WIN64
+#include <signal.h>
+#include <sys/mman.h>
+
+#define PAGE_NOACCESS PROT_NONE
+#define PAGE_READWRITE (PROT_READ | PROT_WRITE)
+#else
+#include <Windows.h>
+
+void mprotect(void* addr, size_t len, int prot) {
+    DWORD old_prot{};
+    BOOL result = VirtualProtect(addr, len, prot, &old_prot);
+    ASSERT_MSG(result != 0, "Region protection failed");
+}
+
+#endif
+
+namespace VideoCore {
+
+static TextureCache* g_texture_cache = nullptr;
+
+#ifndef _WIN64
+void GuestFaultSignalHandler(int sig, siginfo_t* info, void* raw_context) {
+    ucontext_t* ctx = reinterpret_cast<ucontext_t*>(raw_context);
+    const VAddr address = reinterpret_cast<VAddr>(info->si_addr);
+    if (ctx->uc_mcontext.gregs[REG_ERR] & 0x2) {
+        g_texture_cache->OnCpuWrite(address);
+    } else {
+        // Read not supported!
+        UNREACHABLE();
+    }
+}
+#else
+LONG WINAPI GuestFaultSignalHandler(EXCEPTION_POINTERS* pExp) noexcept {
+    const u32 ec = pExp->ExceptionRecord->ExceptionCode;
+    if (ec == EXCEPTION_ACCESS_VIOLATION) {
+        const auto info = pExp->ExceptionRecord->ExceptionInformation;
+        if (info[0] == 1) { // Write violation
+            g_texture_cache->OnCpuWrite(info[1]);
+            return EXCEPTION_CONTINUE_EXECUTION;
+        } /* else {
+            UNREACHABLE();
+        }*/
+    }
+    return EXCEPTION_CONTINUE_SEARCH; // pass further
+}
+#endif
+
+static constexpr u64 StreamBufferSize = 128_MB;
+
+TextureCache::TextureCache(const Vulkan::Instance& instance_, Vulkan::Scheduler& scheduler_)
+    : instance{instance_}, scheduler{scheduler_},
+      staging{instance, scheduler, vk::BufferUsageFlagBits::eTransferSrc, StreamBufferSize,
+              Vulkan::BufferType::Upload} {
+
+#ifndef _WIN64
+    sigset_t signal_mask;
+    sigemptyset(&signal_mask);
+    sigaddset(&signal_mask, SIGSEGV);
+
+    using HandlerType = decltype(sigaction::sa_sigaction);
+
+    struct sigaction guest_access_fault {};
+    guest_access_fault.sa_flags = SA_SIGINFO | SA_ONSTACK;
+    guest_access_fault.sa_sigaction = &GuestFaultSignalHandler;
+    guest_access_fault.sa_mask = signal_mask;
+    sigaction(SIGSEGV, &guest_access_fault, nullptr);
+#else
+    veh_handle = AddVectoredExceptionHandler(1, GuestFaultSignalHandler);
+    ASSERT_MSG(veh_handle, "Failed to register an exception handler");
+#endif
+    g_texture_cache = this;
+}
+
+TextureCache::~TextureCache() {
+#if _WIN64
+    RemoveVectoredExceptionHandler(veh_handle);
+#endif
+}
+
+void TextureCache::OnCpuWrite(VAddr address) {
+    const VAddr address_aligned = address & ~((1 << PageBits) - 1);
+    ForEachImageInRegion(address_aligned, 1 << PageBits, [&](ImageId image_id, Image& image) {
+        // Ensure image is reuploaded when accessed again.
+        image.flags |= ImageFlagBits::CpuModified;
+        // Untrack image, so the range is unprotected and the guest can write freely.
+        UntrackImage(image, image_id);
+    });
+}
+
+Image& TextureCache::FindDisplayBuffer(const Libraries::VideoOut::BufferAttributeGroup& group,
+                                       VAddr cpu_address) {
+    boost::container::small_vector<ImageId, 2> image_ids;
+    ForEachImageInRegion(cpu_address, group.size_in_bytes, [&](ImageId image_id, Image& image) {
+        if (image.cpu_addr == cpu_address) {
+            image_ids.push_back(image_id);
+        }
+    });
+
+    ASSERT_MSG(image_ids.size() <= 1, "Overlapping framebuffers not allowed!");
+
+    ImageId image_id{};
+    if (image_ids.empty()) {
+        image_id = slot_images.insert(instance, scheduler, ImageInfo{group}, cpu_address);
+        RegisterImage(image_id);
+    } else {
+        image_id = image_ids[0];
+    }
+
+    Image& image = slot_images[image_id];
+    if (True(image.flags & ImageFlagBits::CpuModified)) {
+        RefreshImage(image);
+        TrackImage(image, image_id);
+    }
+
+    return image;
+}
+
+void TextureCache::RefreshImage(Image& image) {
+    // Mark image as validated.
+    image.flags &= ~ImageFlagBits::CpuModified;
+
+    // Upload data to the staging buffer.
+    const auto [data, offset, _] = staging.Map(image.info.guest_size_bytes, 0);
+    const u8* image_data = reinterpret_cast<const u8*>(image.cpu_addr);
+    if (image.info.is_tiled) {
+        ConvertTileToLinear(data, image_data, image.info.size.width, image.info.size.height,
+                            Config::isNeoMode());
+    } else {
+        std::memcpy(data, image_data, image.info.guest_size_bytes);
+    }
+    staging.Commit(image.info.guest_size_bytes);
+
+    // Copy to the image.
+    const vk::BufferImageCopy image_copy = {
+        .bufferOffset = offset,
+        .bufferRowLength = 0,
+        .bufferImageHeight = 0,
+        .imageSubresource{
+            .aspectMask = vk::ImageAspectFlagBits::eColor,
+            .mipLevel = 0,
+            .baseArrayLayer = 0,
+            .layerCount = 1,
+        },
+        .imageOffset = {0, 0, 0},
+        .imageExtent = {image.info.size.width, image.info.size.height, 1},
+    };
+
+    const auto cmdbuf = scheduler.CommandBuffer();
+    const vk::ImageSubresourceRange range = {
+        .aspectMask = vk::ImageAspectFlagBits::eColor,
+        .baseMipLevel = 0,
+        .levelCount = 1,
+        .baseArrayLayer = 0,
+        .layerCount = VK_REMAINING_ARRAY_LAYERS,
+    };
+    const vk::ImageMemoryBarrier read_barrier = {
+        .srcAccessMask = vk::AccessFlagBits::eShaderRead,
+        .dstAccessMask = vk::AccessFlagBits::eTransferWrite,
+        .oldLayout = vk::ImageLayout::eGeneral,
+        .newLayout = vk::ImageLayout::eTransferDstOptimal,
+        .srcQueueFamilyIndex = VK_QUEUE_FAMILY_IGNORED,
+        .dstQueueFamilyIndex = VK_QUEUE_FAMILY_IGNORED,
+        .image = image.image,
+        .subresourceRange = range,
+    };
+    const vk::ImageMemoryBarrier write_barrier = {
+        .srcAccessMask = vk::AccessFlagBits::eTransferWrite,
+        .dstAccessMask = vk::AccessFlagBits::eShaderRead | vk::AccessFlagBits::eTransferRead,
+        .oldLayout = vk::ImageLayout::eTransferDstOptimal,
+        .newLayout = vk::ImageLayout::eGeneral,
+        .srcQueueFamilyIndex = VK_QUEUE_FAMILY_IGNORED,
+        .dstQueueFamilyIndex = VK_QUEUE_FAMILY_IGNORED,
+        .image = image.image,
+        .subresourceRange = range,
+    };
+
+    cmdbuf.pipelineBarrier(vk::PipelineStageFlagBits::eAllGraphics,
+                           vk::PipelineStageFlagBits::eTransfer, vk::DependencyFlagBits::eByRegion,
+                           {}, {}, read_barrier);
+    cmdbuf.copyBufferToImage(staging.Handle(), image.image, vk::ImageLayout::eTransferDstOptimal,
+                             image_copy);
+    cmdbuf.pipelineBarrier(vk::PipelineStageFlagBits::eTransfer,
+                           vk::PipelineStageFlagBits::eAllGraphics,
+                           vk::DependencyFlagBits::eByRegion, {}, {}, write_barrier);
+}
+
+void TextureCache::RegisterImage(ImageId image_id) {
+    Image& image = slot_images[image_id];
+    ASSERT_MSG(False(image.flags & ImageFlagBits::Registered),
+               "Trying to register an already registered image");
+    image.flags |= ImageFlagBits::Registered;
+    ForEachPage(image.cpu_addr, image.info.guest_size_bytes,
+                [this, image_id](u64 page) { page_table[page].push_back(image_id); });
+}
+
+void TextureCache::UnregisterImage(ImageId image_id) {
+    Image& image = slot_images[image_id];
+    ASSERT_MSG(True(image.flags & ImageFlagBits::Registered),
+               "Trying to unregister an already registered image");
+    image.flags &= ~ImageFlagBits::Registered;
+    ForEachPage(image.cpu_addr, image.info.guest_size_bytes, [this, image_id](u64 page) {
+        const auto page_it = page_table.find(page);
+        if (page_it == page_table.end()) {
+            ASSERT_MSG(false, "Unregistering unregistered page=0x{:x}", page << PageBits);
+            return;
+        }
+        auto& image_ids = page_it.value();
+        const auto vector_it = std::ranges::find(image_ids, image_id);
+        if (vector_it == image_ids.end()) {
+            ASSERT_MSG(false, "Unregistering unregistered image in page=0x{:x}", page << PageBits);
+            return;
+        }
+        image_ids.erase(vector_it);
+    });
+    slot_images.erase(image_id);
+}
+
+void TextureCache::TrackImage(Image& image, ImageId image_id) {
+    if (True(image.flags & ImageFlagBits::Tracked)) {
+        return;
+    }
+    image.flags |= ImageFlagBits::Tracked;
+    UpdatePagesCachedCount(image.cpu_addr, image.info.guest_size_bytes, 1);
+}
+
+void TextureCache::UntrackImage(Image& image, ImageId image_id) {
+    if (False(image.flags & ImageFlagBits::Tracked)) {
+        return;
+    }
+    image.flags &= ~ImageFlagBits::Tracked;
+    UpdatePagesCachedCount(image.cpu_addr, image.info.guest_size_bytes, -1);
+}
+
+void TextureCache::UpdatePagesCachedCount(VAddr addr, u64 size, s32 delta) {
+    const u64 num_pages = ((addr + size - 1) >> PageBits) - (addr >> PageBits) + 1;
+    const u64 page_start = addr >> PageBits;
+    const u64 page_end = page_start + num_pages;
+
+    const auto pages_interval =
+        decltype(cached_pages)::interval_type::right_open(page_start, page_end);
+    if (delta > 0) {
+        cached_pages.add({pages_interval, delta});
+    }
+
+    const auto& range = cached_pages.equal_range(pages_interval);
+    for (const auto& [range, count] : boost::make_iterator_range(range)) {
+        const auto interval = range & pages_interval;
+        const VAddr interval_start_addr = boost::icl::first(interval) << PageBits;
+        const VAddr interval_end_addr = boost::icl::last_next(interval) << PageBits;
+        const u32 interval_size = interval_end_addr - interval_start_addr;
+        void* addr = reinterpret_cast<void*>(interval_start_addr);
+        if (delta > 0 && count == delta) {
+            mprotect(addr, interval_size, PAGE_NOACCESS);
+        } else if (delta < 0 && count == -delta) {
+            mprotect(addr, interval_size, PAGE_READWRITE);
+        } else {
+            ASSERT(count >= 0);
+        }
+    }
+
+    if (delta < 0) {
+        cached_pages.add({pages_interval, delta});
+    }
+}
+
+} // namespace VideoCore

src/video_core/texture_cache/texture_cache.h

@@ -0,0 +1,123 @@
+// SPDX-FileCopyrightText: Copyright 2024 shadPS4 Emulator Project
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
+
+#pragma once
+
+#include <forward_list>
+#include <boost/container/small_vector.hpp>
+#include <boost/icl/interval_map.hpp>
+#include <tsl/robin_map.h>
+
+#include "video_core/renderer_vulkan/vk_stream_buffer.h"
+#include "video_core/texture_cache/image.h"
+#include "video_core/texture_cache/slot_vector.h"
+
+namespace Core::Libraries::VideoOut {
+struct BufferAttributeGroup;
+}
+
+namespace VideoCore {
+
+class TextureCache {
+    static constexpr u64 PageBits = 14;
+
+public:
+    explicit TextureCache(const Vulkan::Instance& instance, Vulkan::Scheduler& scheduler);
+    ~TextureCache();
+
+    /// Invalidates any image in the logical page range.
+    void OnCpuWrite(VAddr address);
+
+    /// Retrieves the image handle of the image with the provided attributes and address.
+    Image& FindDisplayBuffer(const Libraries::VideoOut::BufferAttributeGroup& attribute,
+                             VAddr cpu_address);
+
+private:
+    /// Iterate over all page indices in a range
+    template <typename Func>
+    static void ForEachPage(PAddr addr, size_t size, Func&& func) {
+        static constexpr bool RETURNS_BOOL = std::is_same_v<std::invoke_result<Func, u64>, bool>;
+        const u64 page_end = (addr + size - 1) >> PageBits;
+        for (u64 page = addr >> PageBits; page <= page_end; ++page) {
+            if constexpr (RETURNS_BOOL) {
+                if (func(page)) {
+                    break;
+                }
+            } else {
+                func(page);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    template <typename Func>
+    void ForEachImageInRegion(VAddr cpu_addr, size_t size, Func&& func) {
+        using FuncReturn = typename std::invoke_result<Func, ImageId, Image&>::type;
+        static constexpr bool BOOL_BREAK = std::is_same_v<FuncReturn, bool>;
+        boost::container::small_vector<ImageId, 32> images;
+        ForEachPage(cpu_addr, size, [this, &images, cpu_addr, size, func](u64 page) {
+            const auto it = page_table.find(page);
+            if (it == page_table.end()) {
+                if constexpr (BOOL_BREAK) {
+                    return false;
+                } else {
+                    return;
+                }
+            }
+            for (const ImageId image_id : it->second) {
+                Image& image = slot_images[image_id];
+                if (image.flags & ImageFlagBits::Picked) {
+                    continue;
+                }
+                image.flags |= ImageFlagBits::Picked;
+                images.push_back(image_id);
+                if constexpr (BOOL_BREAK) {
+                    if (func(image_id, image)) {
+                        return true;
+                    }
+                } else {
+                    func(image_id, image);
+                }
+            }
+            if constexpr (BOOL_BREAK) {
+                return false;
+            }
+        });
+        for (const ImageId image_id : images) {
+            slot_images[image_id].flags &= ~ImageFlagBits::Picked;
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// Create an image from the given parameters
+    [[nodiscard]] ImageId InsertImage(const ImageInfo& info, VAddr cpu_addr);
+
+    /// Reuploads image contents.
+    void RefreshImage(Image& image);
+
+    /// Register image in the page table
+    void RegisterImage(ImageId image);
+
+    /// Unregister image from the page table
+    void UnregisterImage(ImageId image);
+
+    /// Track CPU reads and writes for image
+    void TrackImage(Image& image, ImageId image_id);
+
+    /// Stop tracking CPU reads and writes for image
+    void UntrackImage(Image& image, ImageId image_id);
+
+    /// Increase/decrease the number of surface in pages touching the specified region
+    void UpdatePagesCachedCount(VAddr addr, u64 size, s32 delta);
+
+private:
+    const Vulkan::Instance& instance;
+    Vulkan::Scheduler& scheduler;
+    Vulkan::StreamBuffer staging;
+    SlotVector<Image> slot_images;
+    tsl::robin_pg_map<u64, std::vector<ImageId>> page_table;
+    boost::icl::interval_map<VAddr, s32> cached_pages;
+#ifdef _WIN64
+    void* veh_handle{};
+#endif
+};
+
+} // namespace VideoCore

src/video_core/texture_cache/tile_manager.cpp

@@ -1,23 +1,15 @@
 // SPDX-FileCopyrightText: Copyright 2024 shadPS4 Emulator Project
 // SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
 
-#include <mutex>
+#include <cstring>
-#include "common/singleton.h"
+#include "video_core/texture_cache/tile_manager.h"
-#include "core/PS4/GPU/tile_manager.h"
 
-namespace GPU {
+namespace VideoCore {
 
 static u32 IntLog2(u32 i) {
     return 31 - __builtin_clz(i | 1u);
 }
 
-class TileManager {
-public:
-    TileManager() {}
-    virtual ~TileManager() {}
-    std::mutex m_mutex;
-};
-
 class TileManager32 {
 public:
     u32 m_macro_tile_height = 0;
@@ -148,14 +140,10 @@ public:
     }
 };
 
-void convertTileToLinear(void* dst, const void* src, u32 width, u32 height, bool is_neo) {
+void ConvertTileToLinear(u8* dst, const u8* src, u32 width, u32 height, bool is_neo) {
     TileManager32 t;
     t.Init(width, height, is_neo);
 
-    auto* g_TileManager = Common::Singleton<TileManager>::Instance();
-
-    std::scoped_lock lock{g_TileManager->m_mutex};
-
     for (u32 y = 0; y < height; y++) {
         u32 x = 0;
         u64 linear_offset = y * width * 4;
@@ -163,16 +151,14 @@ void convertTileToLinear(void* dst, const void* src, u32 width, u32 height, bool
         for (; x + 1 < width; x += 2) {
             auto tiled_offset = t.getTiledOffs(x, y, is_neo);
 
-            *reinterpret_cast<u64*>(static_cast<u8*>(dst) + linear_offset) =
+            std::memcpy(dst + linear_offset, src + tiled_offset, sizeof(u64));
-                *reinterpret_cast<const u64*>(static_cast<const u8*>(src) + tiled_offset);
             linear_offset += 8;
         }
         if (x < width) {
             auto tiled_offset = t.getTiledOffs(x, y, is_neo);
+            std::memcpy(dst + linear_offset, src + tiled_offset, sizeof(u32));
+        }
+    }
+}
 
-            *reinterpret_cast<u32*>(static_cast<u8*>(dst) + linear_offset) =
+} // namespace VideoCore
-                *reinterpret_cast<const u32*>(static_cast<const u8*>(src) + tiled_offset);
-        }
-    }
-}
-} // namespace GPU

src/video_core/texture_cache/tile_manager.h

@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+// SPDX-FileCopyrightText: Copyright 2024 shadPS4 Emulator Project
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
+
+#pragma once
+
+#include "common/types.h"
+
+namespace VideoCore {
+
+/// Converts tiled texture data to linear format.
+void ConvertTileToLinear(u8* dst, const u8* src, u32 width, u32 height, bool neo);
+
+} // namespace VideoCore

src/video_core/texture_cache/types.h

@@ -0,0 +1,86 @@
+// SPDX-FileCopyrightText: Copyright 2024 shadPS4 Emulator Project
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
+
+#pragma once
+
+#include "common/types.h"
+#include "video_core/texture_cache/slot_vector.h"
+
+namespace VideoCore {
+
+using ImageId = SlotId;
+using ImageViewId = SlotId;
+
+struct Offset2D {
+    s32 x;
+    s32 y;
+};
+
+struct Offset3D {
+    s32 x;
+    s32 y;
+    s32 z;
+};
+
+struct Region2D {
+    Offset2D start;
+    Offset2D end;
+};
+
+struct Extent2D {
+    u32 width;
+    u32 height;
+};
+
+struct Extent3D {
+    u32 width;
+    u32 height;
+    u32 depth;
+};
+
+struct SubresourceLayers {
+    s32 base_level = 0;
+    s32 base_layer = 0;
+    s32 num_layers = 1;
+};
+
+struct SubresourceBase {
+    s32 level = 0;
+    s32 layer = 0;
+};
+
+struct SubresourceExtent {
+    s32 levels = 1;
+    s32 layers = 1;
+};
+
+struct SubresourceRange {
+    SubresourceBase base;
+    SubresourceExtent extent;
+};
+
+struct ImageCopy {
+    SubresourceLayers src_subresource;
+    SubresourceLayers dst_subresource;
+    Offset3D src_offset;
+    Offset3D dst_offset;
+    Extent3D extent;
+};
+
+struct BufferImageCopy {
+    std::size_t buffer_offset;
+    std::size_t buffer_size;
+    u32 buffer_row_length;
+    u32 buffer_image_height;
+    SubresourceLayers image_subresource;
+    Offset3D image_offset;
+    Extent3D image_extent;
+};
+
+struct BufferCopy {
+    u64 src_offset;
+    u64 dst_offset;
+    std::size_t size;
+};
+
+} // namespace VideoCore

src/vulkan_util.cpp

@@ -15,7 +15,7 @@
 #include <algorithm>
 
 void Graphics::Vulkan::vulkanCreate(Emu::WindowCtx* ctx) {
-    Emu::VulkanExt ext;
+    /*Emu::VulkanExt ext;
     vulkanGetInstanceExtensions(&ext);
 
     VkApplicationInfo app_info{};
@@ -68,12 +68,13 @@ void Graphics::Vulkan::vulkanCreate(Emu::WindowCtx* ctx) {
     ASSERT_MSG(ctx->m_graphic_ctx.m_device, "Can't create vulkan device");
 
     vulkanCreateQueues(&ctx->m_graphic_ctx, queues);
-    ctx->swapchain = vulkanCreateSwapchain(&ctx->m_graphic_ctx, 2);
+    ctx->swapchain = vulkanCreateSwapchain(&ctx->m_graphic_ctx, 2);*/
 }
 
 Emu::VulkanSwapchain Graphics::Vulkan::vulkanCreateSwapchain(HLE::Libs::Graphics::GraphicCtx* ctx,
                                                              u32 image_count) {
-    auto window_ctx = Common::Singleton<Emu::WindowCtx>::Instance();
+    return {};
+    /*auto window_ctx = Common::Singleton<Emu::WindowCtx>::Instance();
     const auto& capabilities = window_ctx->m_surface_capabilities.capabilities;
     Emu::VulkanSwapchain s{};
 
@@ -166,7 +167,7 @@ Emu::VulkanSwapchain Graphics::Vulkan::vulkanCreateSwapchain(HLE::Libs::Graphics
     result = vkCreateFence(ctx->m_device, &fence_info, nullptr, &s.present_complete_fence);
     ASSERT_MSG(result == VK_SUCCESS, "Can't create vulkan fence");
 
-    return s;
+    return s;*/
 }
 
 void Graphics::Vulkan::vulkanCreateQueues(HLE::Libs::Graphics::GraphicCtx* ctx,
@@ -195,7 +196,7 @@ VkDevice Graphics::Vulkan::vulkanCreateDevice(VkPhysicalDevice physical_device,
                                               VkSurfaceKHR surface, const Emu::VulkanExt* r,
                                               const Emu::VulkanQueues& queues,
                                               const std::vector<const char*>& device_extensions) {
-    std::vector<VkDeviceQueueCreateInfo> queue_create_info(queues.family_count);
+    /*std::vector<VkDeviceQueueCreateInfo> queue_create_info(queues.family_count);
     std::vector<std::vector<float>> queue_priority(queues.family_count);
     uint32_t queue_create_info_num = 0;
 
@@ -237,10 +238,10 @@ VkDevice Graphics::Vulkan::vulkanCreateDevice(VkPhysicalDevice physical_device,
 
     vkCreateDevice(physical_device, &create_info, nullptr, &device);
 
-    return device;
+    return device;*/
 }
 void Graphics::Vulkan::vulkanGetInstanceExtensions(Emu::VulkanExt* ext) {
-    u32 required_extensions_count = 0;
+    /*u32 required_extensions_count = 0;
     u32 available_extensions_count = 0;
     u32 available_layers_count = 0;
     ext->required_extensions = SDL_Vulkan_GetInstanceExtensions(&required_extensions_count);
@@ -270,14 +271,14 @@ void Graphics::Vulkan::vulkanGetInstanceExtensions(Emu::VulkanExt* ext) {
         LOG_INFO(Render_Vulkan,
                  "Vulkan available layer: {}, specVersion = {}, implVersion = {}, {}", l.layerName,
                  l.specVersion, l.implementationVersion, l.description);
-    }
+    }*/
 }
 
 void Graphics::Vulkan::vulkanFindCompatiblePhysicalDevice(
     VkInstance instance, VkSurfaceKHR surface, const std::vector<const char*>& device_extensions,
     Emu::VulkanSurfaceCapabilities* out_capabilities, VkPhysicalDevice* out_device,
     Emu::VulkanQueues* out_queues) {
-    u32 count_devices = 0;
+    /*u32 count_devices = 0;
     vkEnumeratePhysicalDevices(instance, &count_devices, nullptr);
 
     std::vector<VkPhysicalDevice> devices(count_devices);
@@ -306,14 +307,14 @@ void Graphics::Vulkan::vulkanFindCompatiblePhysicalDevice(
         found_best_queues = qs;
     }
     *out_device = found_best_device;
-    *out_queues = found_best_queues;
+    *out_queues = found_best_queues;*/
 }
 
 Emu::VulkanQueues Graphics::Vulkan::vulkanFindQueues(VkPhysicalDevice device,
                                                      VkSurfaceKHR surface) {
     Emu::VulkanQueues qs;
 
-    u32 queue_family_count = 0;
+    /*u32 queue_family_count = 0;
     vkGetPhysicalDeviceQueueFamilyProperties(device, &queue_family_count, nullptr);
     std::vector<VkQueueFamilyProperties> queue_families(queue_family_count);
     vkGetPhysicalDeviceQueueFamilyProperties(device, &queue_family_count, queue_families.data());
@@ -391,14 +392,15 @@ Emu::VulkanQueues Graphics::Vulkan::vulkanFindQueues(VkPhysicalDevice device,
             }
             index++;
         }
-    }
+    }*/
     return qs;
 }
 
 void Graphics::Vulkan::vulkanGetSurfaceCapabilities(VkPhysicalDevice physical_device,
                                                     VkSurfaceKHR surface,
                                                     Emu::VulkanSurfaceCapabilities* surfaceCap) {
-    vkGetPhysicalDeviceSurfaceCapabilitiesKHR(physical_device, surface, &surfaceCap->capabilities);
+    /*vkGetPhysicalDeviceSurfaceCapabilitiesKHR(physical_device, surface,
+    &surfaceCap->capabilities);
 
     uint32_t formats_count = 0;
     vkGetPhysicalDeviceSurfaceFormatsKHR(physical_device, surface, &formats_count, nullptr);
@@ -426,7 +428,7 @@ void Graphics::Vulkan::vulkanGetSurfaceCapabilities(VkPhysicalDevice physical_de
             surfaceCap->is_format_unorm_bgra32 = true;
             break;
         }
-    }
+    }*/
 }
 
 static void set_image_layout(VkCommandBuffer buffer, HLE::Libs::Graphics::VulkanImage* dst_image,
@@ -484,8 +486,8 @@ static void set_image_layout(VkCommandBuffer buffer, HLE::Libs::Graphics::Vulkan
     VkPipelineStageFlags src_stages = VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_TOP_OF_PIPE_BIT;
     VkPipelineStageFlags dest_stages = VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_TOP_OF_PIPE_BIT;
 
-    vkCmdPipelineBarrier(buffer, src_stages, dest_stages, 0, 0, nullptr, 0, nullptr, 1,
+    // vkCmdPipelineBarrier(buffer, src_stages, dest_stages, 0, 0, nullptr, 0, nullptr, 1,
-                         &imageMemoryBarrier);
+    //                      &imageMemoryBarrier);
 
     dst_image->layout = new_image_layout;
 }
@@ -528,9 +530,9 @@ void Graphics::Vulkan::vulkanBlitImage(GPU::CommandBuffer* buffer,
     region.dstOffsets[1].y = static_cast<int>(dst_swapchain->swapchain_extent.height);
     region.dstOffsets[1].z = 1;
 
-    vkCmdBlitImage(vk_buffer, src_image->image, VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_TRANSFER_SRC_OPTIMAL,
+    // vkCmdBlitImage(vk_buffer, src_image->image, VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_TRANSFER_SRC_OPTIMAL,
-                   swapchain_image.image, VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_TRANSFER_DST_OPTIMAL, 1, &region,
+    //                swapchain_image.image, VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_TRANSFER_DST_OPTIMAL, 1, &region,
-                   VK_FILTER_LINEAR);
+    //                VK_FILTER_LINEAR);
 
     set_image_layout(vk_buffer, src_image, 0, 1, VK_IMAGE_ASPECT_COLOR_BIT,
                      VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_TRANSFER_SRC_OPTIMAL,
@@ -548,10 +550,10 @@ void Graphics::Vulkan::vulkanFillImage(HLE::Libs::Graphics::GraphicCtx* ctx,
     vulkanCreateBuffer(ctx, size, &staging_buffer);
 
     void* data = nullptr;
-    vkMapMemory(ctx->m_device, staging_buffer.memory.memory, staging_buffer.memory.offset,
+    // vkMapMemory(ctx->m_device, staging_buffer.memory.memory, staging_buffer.memory.offset,
-                staging_buffer.memory.requirements.size, 0, &data);
+    //             staging_buffer.memory.requirements.size, 0, &data);
-    std::memcpy(data, src_data, size);
+    // std::memcpy(data, src_data, size);
-    vkUnmapMemory(ctx->m_device, staging_buffer.memory.memory);
+    // vkUnmapMemory(ctx->m_device, staging_buffer.memory.memory);
 
     GPU::CommandBuffer buffer(9);
 
@@ -587,8 +589,8 @@ void Graphics::Vulkan::vulkanBufferToImage(GPU::CommandBuffer* buffer,
     region.imageOffset = {0, 0, 0};
     region.imageExtent = {dst_image->extent.width, dst_image->extent.height, 1};
 
-    vkCmdCopyBufferToImage(vk_buffer, src_buffer->buffer, dst_image->image,
+    // vkCmdCopyBufferToImage(vk_buffer, src_buffer->buffer, dst_image->image,
-                           VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_TRANSFER_DST_OPTIMAL, 1, &region);
+    //                        VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_TRANSFER_DST_OPTIMAL, 1, &region);
 
     set_image_layout(vk_buffer, dst_image, 0, 1, VK_IMAGE_ASPECT_COLOR_BIT,
                      VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_TRANSFER_DST_OPTIMAL, static_cast<VkImageLayout>(dst_layout));
@@ -602,22 +604,23 @@ void Graphics::Vulkan::vulkanCreateBuffer(HLE::Libs::Graphics::GraphicCtx* ctx,
     buffer_info.usage = buffer->usage;
     buffer_info.sharingMode = VK_SHARING_MODE_EXCLUSIVE;
 
-    vkCreateBuffer(ctx->m_device, &buffer_info, nullptr, &buffer->buffer);
+    // vkCreateBuffer(ctx->m_device, &buffer_info, nullptr, &buffer->buffer);
 
-    vkGetBufferMemoryRequirements(ctx->m_device, buffer->buffer, &buffer->memory.requirements);
+    // vkGetBufferMemoryRequirements(ctx->m_device, buffer->buffer, &buffer->memory.requirements);
 
     bool allocated = GPU::vulkanAllocateMemory(ctx, &buffer->memory);
     if (!allocated) {
         fmt::print("Can't allocate vulkan\n");
         std::exit(0);
     }
-    vkBindBufferMemory(ctx->m_device, buffer->buffer, buffer->memory.memory, buffer->memory.offset);
+    // vkBindBufferMemory(ctx->m_device, buffer->buffer, buffer->memory.memory,
+    // buffer->memory.offset);
 }
 
 void Graphics::Vulkan::vulkanDeleteBuffer(HLE::Libs::Graphics::GraphicCtx* ctx,
                                           HLE::Libs::Graphics::VulkanBuffer* buffer) {
-    vkDestroyBuffer(ctx->m_device, buffer->buffer, nullptr);
+    // vkDestroyBuffer(ctx->m_device, buffer->buffer, nullptr);
-    vkFreeMemory(ctx->m_device, buffer->memory.memory, nullptr);
+    // vkFreeMemory(ctx->m_device, buffer->memory.memory, nullptr);
     buffer->memory.memory = nullptr;
     buffer->buffer = nullptr;
 }